Ionic Bonding, Covalent Bonding And Metallic Bonding Flashcards
The bonds between ions and the way the form
What is an ionic bond
A bond between two ions which has gained or lost electrons from each other
What is a covalent bond
A chemical bond made by sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms
Why do most substances conduct electricity in a molten state
Because they contain delocalised electrons which carry a charge and roam freely in a molten form
How many bonds would a nitrogen atom need to form to have a full outer shell of electrons and how do we know
Nitrogen is group five and therefore has five electrons in its outer shell and would need three more electrons to have a full outer shell meaning it would need to form three more bonds
Why does chlorine have a higher boiling point than hydrogen chloride
This is because chlorine is a larger molecule and therefore has a greater intermolecular force between the molecules and has a higher boiling point
Why do these bonds form
Atoms need an outer shell of electrons to be happy so therefore they either gain electrons from other atoms or bond with other atoms to have a full outer shell
What are the properties of a regular lattice structure
Closely packed together electrons in a regular lattice structure and have very strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions
What is the difference between a normal model and a ball and stick model of a regular lattice structure
A ball and stick model shows the regular pattern of an ionic crystal and shoes how all the ions are arranged but in a more 2D form.A normal model of a lattice structure only lets you see the outer layer of the compound because of its 3D nature but is more to scale and shows the realtive sizes of the atoms
What are some of the properties of ionic compounds
High melting points and high boiling points due to strong bonds between ions
Solid, held in place
Cannot conduct electricity
They can only conduct electricity when melted
Dissolve easily
What elements most readily form ions
1,2,6 and 7
Why is this
Group 1 and 2 are metals and they lose electrons to form positive ions and group 6 and 7 are non metals they gain electrons to form negative ions
What is the structure of a metallic bond
The elctrons in the outer shell of the metal atom are delocalised, there are strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the positive metal ions and the negative electrons.Metallic bonding is very strong
What is metallic bonding
Bond between two metals to form a giant structure
What is the state of most metals at room temperature and why
They are generally solid at room temperature and this is because the electrostatic forces between the metal atoms and the sea of delocalised electrons is very strong so lots of energy needs to be broken forming high melting and boiling points
Why are metals malleable
The layers of atoms in the metal can slide over each other making metals malleable
Why are alloys harder than pure metals
Alloys are a mixture of two or more metals or a metal and another element.When another element is mixed with a pure metal the new metal atom will distort the layers of metal atoms making it more difficult for them to slide over each other
