ionic bonding

Question 1

why do elements react?

what do they want to achieve?

Answer 1

to achieve a full outer energy level

the electronic structure of a noble gas(group 0)

Question 2

what is ionic bonding?

Answer 2

when a metal reacts with a non-metal

Question 3

what happens in ionic bonding?

e.g reaction between group 1 & group 7

Answer 3

group 1 metal loses 1 electron and passes it ,
forms 1+ ion
group 7 non-metals gain 1 electron from group 1 and forms 1- ion
Both ions now have a full outer energy level

Question 4

sometimes in an exam they ask you to describe what is happening in a reaction and they show the wrong number of electrons, why?

Answer 4

they only show u the outer shell because that’s the ones they’re interested in

Question 5

describe what is happening in this reaction (4 marks)

Na + Cl -> ?

Answer 5

one electron passes from Na to Cl
Na forms 1+ ion
Cl forms 1- ion
both atoms achieve a full outer energy level

Question 6

describe how electrons are transferred during ionic bonding between group 2 metals and group 6 metals.

Answer 6

a group 2 metal passes 2 electrons from its outer shell to a group 6 non-metal
the group 6 metal gains 2 electrons from the group 2 non-metal
group 2 metal forms a 2+ ion
group 6 forms a 2- ion
they both achieve a full outer energy, the electronic structure of a noble gas.

Question 7

draw dot and cross diagram
for the reaction between a magnesium atom and an oxygen atom
Mg =xx
O= •• •• ••
if the magnesium atom has 12 protons and 12 electrons and the oxygen atom has 8 protons and 8 electrons

Answer 7

[Mg]2+ =
[2,8]

[O]2- = •• •• •• ••
[2,8]

magnesium atom = no overall charge
oxygen atom = no overall charge

Question 8

describe how ionic compounds form giant ionic lattices

Answer 8

they are three dimensional (3D)

Question 9

explain why ionic compounds have high melting points and boiling points

Answer 9

s

Question 10

when can ionic compounds conduct electricity?

Answer 10

when molten or dissolved in water

Question 11

explain why ionic compounds cannot conduct electricity when solid but can conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water

Answer 11

g

Question 12

what are giant ionic lattices?

Answer 12

a structure where every positive ion is surrounded by a negative ion

- —— + —— -
|           |          |
|           |          |
\+ —— - —— +
|           |          |
|           |          |
- —— + —— -

Question 13

name some facts about giant ionic lattices

Answer 13

• they are three dimensional
• have regular structures
• have electrostatic forces (very strong forces of attraction between the positive and negative ion)
• electrostatic forces can be broken by heat energy(particles vibrate causing electrostatic forces to break, and the solid melts)
• have very high melting and boiling points
• ionic compounds cannot conduct electricity when they are solids(cuz the ion can’t move cuz it’s locked by the strong electrostatic forces of attraction.
• ionic compounds can conduct electricity when they are melted or dissolved in water.(as now they can move and carry the charge)

Question 14

what are electrostatic forces?

Answer 14

very strong forces of attraction between the positive and negative ion

Question 15

what are giant ionic lattices held together by?

Answer 15

ionic bonds

Question 16

what are ionic bonds?

Answer 16

ionic bonds are strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions (a positively charged ion and a negatively charged ion) acting in all directions.

Question 17

what is energy required to break in giant ionic lattices? and when ?

Answer 17

energy is required to break ionic bonds when the substance melts or boils

Question 18

the electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions is called what?

Answer 18

ionic bonds

Question 19

what types of melting and boiling points do ionic compounds have?
why ?

Answer 19

very high melting and boiling points

because the strong electrostatic forces require a great deal of heat energy to break.

Question 20

what type of energy breaks the electrostatic forces?

Answer 20

heat energy

Question 21

what happens when we heat a solid?

Answer 21

the particles vibrate then the electrostatic forces break and the solid melts
however,
a very high temperature is required for this to happen because the electrostatic forces between the ions are very strong

Question 22

when can ionic compounds conduct electricity?

whats the reason for this?

Answer 22

when they are MELTED or DISSOLVED IN WATER

they can now MOVE and CARRY THE CHARGE

Question 23

when ionic compounds conduct electricity, what moves ?

Answer 23

THE IONS MOVE and NOT the electrons