Ionic Bonding

Question 1

Quenching

Answer 1

Rapidly cooling metals or glass by plunging it in water. Causes the crystals to be smaller, softer and more brittle.

Question 2

Annealing

Answer 2

Heating metals or glass and cooling it slowly in order to remove internal stress and toughen it. Causes the crystals to be larger, harder and more malleable.

Question 3

Tempering

Answer 3

Improve the hardness and elasticity by reheating and then cooling.

Question 4

What two factors control the formation of a lattice?

Answer 4

Size and strength.

Question 5

Cations

Answer 5

When metals lose electrons to non-metal atoms and form positive cations.

Question 6

Anions

Answer 6

When non-metals gain electrons from metals and for an anion.

Question 7

Appearance of Ionic Substances

Answer 7

Crystallized substance that can be colored or colorless.

Question 8

Describe Ionic Substances

Answer 8

Are usually crystalline solids because they are made up of cations and anions in an infinite lattice.

Question 9

Melting Points of Ionic Substances

Answer 9

Have high and low boiling and melting because of the electrostatic forces of attractions between the ions are strong and large amounts of energy is needed to separate the ions.

Question 10

Conductivity of Ionic Substances

Answer 10

They conduct electricity in aqueous solution or when molten. For a substance to conduct electricity, ions or electrons that are free to move are required.

Question 11

Solubility of Ionic Substances

Answer 11

They are usually soluble in water. Ionic compounds will dissolve when the forces of attraction between the water molecules and the ions is greater than the forces of attraction between the ions in the ionic solid.

Question 12

Malleability of Ionic Substances

Answer 12

They are brittle because when a forces is applied, like ions are forced adjacent to each other, causing them to repel each other and separate.