Ionic Bonding Flashcards
What do dot and cross diagrams show
Electrons being transferred and ions being formed
What is a cation and anion
Cation - positively charged ion
Anion- negatively charged ion
Cats are positive
Antis are negative
When is an ion positive and negative
If an ion has less electrons than protons it’s positive
If it has more electrons than protons it’s negative
What is ionic bonding
When a metal atom transfers its electron to a non-metal atom allowing both of them to have full outer shells
- bonding between metal and non-metal
What charge do group 1 metals form
+1 (+) because they loose 1 electron in the outer shell
What charge do group 2 metals form
2+ charge as it looses 2 electrons from its outermost shell
What charge does group 6&7 non metals form
Non metal atoms always gain electrons to form anions
( filling up their outermost shell)
- Group 6 gain 2 electrons 2- charge
- Group 7 gain 1 electrons to form 1- charge
What charge does group 8 noble gases form
Noble gases already have a full outer shell. They are unreactive and don’t iconically bond with other elements
What is an ion
Ions are particles that have a charge
How are ions formed
When an atom gains or looses an electron
- cation ( looses electron )
- anion ( gains electron )
When do ionic compound end in -ide and -ate
When they’re made from 2 different elements end in -ide
When they’re made from 3 of more different elements end in -ate
What is the overall charge of an ionic compound formula
0- no charge overall
What are ionic compounds
When metal atoms transfer their outer electrons to non metals resulting in oppositely charged ions head together in an 𝗜𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰 𝗹𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗲
What is an ionic lattice
Giant structures which are held together by strong 𝗘𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗿𝗼𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗲𝘀 between oppositely charged ions
What are electrostatic forces
Hold the positive and negative ions in place ( ionic bonds ) they act in all directions
What do ionic compounds form
The form giant ionic lattices held together by electrostatic forces
What are properties of ionic compounds
- high melting and boiling points
- cannot conduct electricity when solid
- can conduct electricity whilst molten or in a solution
Why do ionic compounds have high melting ans boiling points
A lot of energy is needed to overcome the electrostatic forces between the 𝗜𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗻𝘀 in the lattice therefore ionic compounds have very high melting and boiling points
Why can’t ions conduct electricity when solid
When solid the ions in the lattice are in a fixed position therefore no charge can flow so no electricity is conducted
Why can ions conduct electricity while molten or dissolved in water
When molten or dissolved in a lattice the ions are free to move because of this charge can flow and electricity can be conducted
