Ionic Bonding

Question 1

What do dot and cross diagrams show

Answer 1

Electrons being transferred and ions being formed

Question 2

What is a cation and anion

Answer 2

Cation - positively charged ion
Anion- negatively charged ion

Cats are positive
Antis are negative

Question 3

When is an ion positive and negative

Answer 3

If an ion has less electrons than protons it’s positive

If it has more electrons than protons it’s negative

Question 4

What is ionic bonding

Answer 4

When a metal atom transfers its electron to a non-metal atom allowing both of them to have full outer shells

• bonding between metal and non-metal

Question 5

What charge do group 1 metals form

Answer 5

+1 (+) because they loose 1 electron in the outer shell

Question 6

What charge do group 2 metals form

Answer 6

2+ charge as it looses 2 electrons from its outermost shell

Question 7

What charge does group 6&7 non metals form

Answer 7

Non metal atoms always gain electrons to form anions
( filling up their outermost shell)

• Group 6 gain 2 electrons 2- charge
• Group 7 gain 1 electrons to form 1- charge

Question 8

What charge does group 8 noble gases form

Answer 8

Noble gases already have a full outer shell. They are unreactive and don’t iconically bond with other elements

Question 9

What is an ion

Answer 9

Ions are particles that have a charge

Question 10

How are ions formed

Answer 10

When an atom gains or looses an electron

• cation ( looses electron )
• anion ( gains electron )

Question 11

When do ionic compound end in -ide and -ate

Answer 11

When they’re made from 2 different elements end in -ide

When they’re made from 3 of more different elements end in -ate

Question 12

What is the overall charge of an ionic compound formula

Answer 12

0- no charge overall

Question 13

What are ionic compounds

Answer 13

When metal atoms transfer their outer electrons to non metals resulting in oppositely charged ions head together in an 𝗜𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰 𝗹𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗲

Question 14

What is an ionic lattice

Answer 14

Giant structures which are held together by strong 𝗘𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗿𝗼𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗲𝘀 between oppositely charged ions

Question 15

What are electrostatic forces

Answer 15

Hold the positive and negative ions in place ( ionic bonds ) they act in all directions

Question 16

What do ionic compounds form

Answer 16

The form giant ionic lattices held together by electrostatic forces

Question 17

What are properties of ionic compounds

Answer 17

• high melting and boiling points
• cannot conduct electricity when solid
• can conduct electricity whilst molten or in a solution

Question 18

Why do ionic compounds have high melting ans boiling points

Answer 18

A lot of energy is needed to overcome the electrostatic forces between the 𝗜𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗻𝘀 in the lattice therefore ionic compounds have very high melting and boiling points

Question 19

Why can’t ions conduct electricity when solid

Answer 19

When solid the ions in the lattice are in a fixed position therefore no charge can flow so no electricity is conducted

Question 20

Why can ions conduct electricity while molten or dissolved in water

Answer 20

When molten or dissolved in a lattice the ions are free to move because of this charge can flow and electricity can be conducted