Ionic and Covalent bonding Flashcards
What is an ionic bond?
An ionic bond is a chemical bond formed between two ions with opposite charges.
True or False: Ionic bonds typically form between metals and nonmetals.
True
What type of element tends to lose electrons to form cations?
Metals
What type of element tends to gain electrons to form anions?
Nonmetals
Fill in the blank: Ionic compounds generally have ______ melting and boiling points.
high
What is a covalent bond?
A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.
True or False: Covalent bonds usually occur between two nonmetals.
True
What is the main characteristic of covalent compounds in terms of state at room temperature?
They are often gases or liquids.
Fill in the blank: In covalent bonding, atoms achieve a full outer shell by ______ electrons.
sharing
What is the difference between a single, double, and triple covalent bond?
A single bond involves one shared pair of electrons, a double bond involves two pairs, and a triple bond involves three pairs.
What is the term for the force of attraction between oppositely charged ions in an ionic compound?
Electrostatic force
True or False: Ionic compounds conduct electricity in solid form.
False
What is a molecule?
A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together by covalent bonds.
What is the name of the bond formed when two atoms share electrons equally?
Nonpolar covalent bond
What is the name of the bond formed when two atoms share electrons unequally?
Polar covalent bond
How do you determine the type of bond (ionic or covalent) between two elements?
By comparing their electronegativities.
Fill in the blank: The formula unit is the simplest ratio of ions in an ______ compound.
ionic
What is the octet rule?
The octet rule states that atoms tend to bond in such a way that they each have eight electrons in their outer shell.
True or False: Ionic compounds are usually soluble in water.
True
What is the primary reason for the high melting and boiling points of ionic compounds?
The strong electrostatic forces between ions.
What is the common structure of ionic compounds?
They form a crystalline lattice structure.
What is the significance of electronegativity in bonding?
It determines how strongly an atom attracts bonding electrons.
What is a coordinate (dative) bond?
A coordinate bond is a type of covalent bond where one atom provides both electrons for the bond.
Fill in the blank: A substance that can conduct electricity when dissolved in water is called an ______.
electrolyte
What is the general trend of electronegativity in the periodic table?
Electronegativity increases across a period and decreases down a group.
