Hydrocarbons/fractional distillation Flashcards
What are hydrocarbons?
Compounds made up entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
True or False: Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons.
True
What is the general formula for alkanes?
C_nH_(2n+2)
Fill in the blank: The simplest alkane is __________.
methane
What type of bond do alkenes contain?
At least one double bond.
What is the general formula for alkenes?
C_nH_(2n)
True or False: Aromatic hydrocarbons contain a benzene ring.
True
What is fractional distillation?
A process used to separate a mixture of liquids based on different boiling points.
What is the main apparatus used for fractional distillation?
Fractionating column.
What is the purpose of a fractionating column?
To provide surface area for multiple condensation and vaporization cycles.
Fill in the blank: In fractional distillation, substances with __________ boiling points are collected first.
lower
What is crude oil primarily composed of?
A mixture of hydrocarbons.
What are the main fractions obtained from crude oil?
Petrol, kerosene, diesel, and bitumen.
True or False: Longer chain hydrocarbons have higher boiling points than shorter chain hydrocarbons.
True
What is the significance of the boiling point in fractional distillation?
It determines the order in which components are separated.
Fill in the blank: The process of heating crude oil to vaporize it is called __________.
distillation
What is a common use for the fraction called naphtha?
It is used to produce chemicals and plastics.
What is the environmental concern associated with burning hydrocarbons?
It produces carbon dioxide and contributes to climate change.
What is an alkynes?
Unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one triple bond.
What is the general formula for alkynes?
C_nH_(2n-2)
True or False: Fractional distillation can be used to separate gases.
True
What does the term ‘cracking’ refer to in the context of hydrocarbons?
The process of breaking down larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller ones.
Fill in the blank: __________ are produced during the cracking of hydrocarbons.
Alkenes
What is the main advantage of using fractional distillation in the oil industry?
It allows for the efficient separation of valuable products from crude oil.
