IOD Atherosclerosis

Question 1

risk factors?

Answer 1

smoking
hypertension
DM
dyslipidaemia

Question 2

Pathology?

Answer 2

endothelial cell dysfunction
inflammatory cell recruitment
fatty streak
atherosclerotic plaque

Question 3

dysfunctional?

Answer 3

increased permeability, adhesion molecules and cytokines attracting inflammatory cells and prothrombotic molecules

Question 4

recruitment of inflammatory cells to the site of injury

Answer 4

monocytes and T cells adhere to the endothelium and migrate into the intima and differentiate into macrophages
free radicals oxidise LDL
foam cells-engulfed oxidised LDL-make growth factors stimulating smooth muscle cell migration( also via platelets and endothelial cells)

Question 5

fatty streak?

Answer 5

oxidised LDL in macrophages and smooth muscle cells underneath, so seen as streaks

Question 6

AS plaque?

Answer 6

lipid debris froms as macrophages die and lipid is released, smooth muscle cells proliferate and secrete collagen and EC proteins so fibrous cap forms-has oxidised lipid and inflammatory cells
repair by scarring