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Body Logistics > Investigative Techniques > Flashcards

Investigative Techniques Flashcards

1
Q

What are the requirements of Light microscopy?

A
  1. Preserve tissue in formalin to prevent rotting
  2. Embed in melted paraffin to allow it to be thinly sliced
  3. Stain to see cell components
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2
Q

What equipment is used to thinly slice tissue?

A

A microtome

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3
Q

What is used to stain tissue?

A

Haemotoxylin (stains nucleus blue) and Eosin (stains cytoplasm and extracellular matrix pink)

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4
Q

What is the advantage of using frozen sections?

A

It only takes 10 minutes to prepare compared to 16hours

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5
Q

What is the disadvantage of using frozen sections?

A

It gives a lower quality

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6
Q

What equipment is used when doing a frozen section?

A

Cyrostat

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7
Q

What is polarised light microscopy?

A

When light travels in one direction

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8
Q

When is polarised light microscopy used?

A

For gout and Pseudogout

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9
Q

Why can you use polarised light microscopy to identify gout?

A

As you have too much uric acid in the blood, this precipitates into monosodium urate crystals which can be seen.

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10
Q

What is the problem of using a serum urate test to identify gout?

A

It is possible to only have urate at the joint (usually the big toe) and not in the blood

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11
Q

What microscopy uses the same techniques/principles as CAT scanning?

A

Conofocal Microscopy

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12
Q

What is Autoradiography?

A

Where you photograph molecules with radioactive markers

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13
Q

What is the magnification and resolution of modern light microscopy?

A

x1000 magnification and 0.2micrometers resolution.

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14
Q

What is transmission electron microscopy?

A

Electron beam passes through dead tissue in a vacuum

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15
Q

What is the magnification and resolution of TEM?

A

x250,000 magnification and 0.2nm resolution

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16
Q

What is scanning electron microscopy?

A

Where electrons are reflected off tissues to give a 3D image

17
Q

What is the disadvantage of TEM?

A

Can only look at dead tissue

18
Q

What is freeze fracture electron microscopy?

A

Where you freeze tissue to -160 degrees Celsius and fracture it by hitting with a knife edge

19
Q

What is Immunohistochemistry?

A

Where you determine if a protein/epitope is present on a cell surface membrane

20
Q

What is indirect immunohistochemistry?

A

Where an antibody, attaches to an epitope. The antibody has another antibody attached to it which is tagged with a chemical reagent which changes colour when stained.

21
Q

What is immunofluorescent immunohistochemistry?

A

When an antibody with a fluorescent tag attaches to an epitope

22
Q

What type of wavelength gives the best resolution with ultra sound?

A

Low wavelength

23
Q

Does low frequency ultrasound give a high or low wavelength?

A

High wavelength

24
Q

Which type of ultrasound contains the least energy but travels furthest?

A

High frequency ultrasound

Body Logistics (18 decks)

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