Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology Paper 2 > Investigation 1 > Flashcards

Investigation 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Title of investigation 1

A

A quasi experiment on age and sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the operationalised hypothesis

A

There will be ab increase in sleep score out of 21 on PSQI in adolescence (13-18) compared to adults (19+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the null hypothesis

A

There will be no change in the sleep scores out of 21 on the PSQI in adolescence (13-18) in comparison to adults (19+) - any changes will be due to chance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the operationalised IV

A

Teenagers (13-18) and adults (19+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why is the IV operationalised in this way

A

Because it is a quasi experiment that needs to different age ranges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the operationalised DV

A

Pittsburg sleep quality index - out of 21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is the DV operationalised in this way

A

Because PSQI is an established measure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the confounding variables

A

-illness
-house hold noise
-medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How to overcome the confounding variables

A

Discount certain scores for those who are on medication etc
Or test retest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Extraneous variables

A

Temperature
Time of the day
Point in the term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How are the extraneous variables overcome

A

Test retest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the methodology

A

1- quasi experiment
2- self-report technique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Strengths of a quasi in your research

A

No manipulation by the researcher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Weakness of a quasi in your research

A

More chance of confounding variables due to the IV being naturally occurring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Strength of a self report in your research

A

Quick and easy as PSQI is an already established measure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Strength of a self report in your research

A

Quick and easy as PSQI is an already established measure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Weakness of a self report in my research

A

Social desirability bias due to wanting to seem a better sleeper of researcher bias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the experimental design - what are the strengths/weaknesses

A

Independent groups
+ no chance of order effects
-participant variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the sampling technique- strengths/weaknesses?

A

Opportunity sampling
+quicker than stratified and easier than quota
-may not be representative of the whole target population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the location of research - strengths/weaknesses?

A

Field - Notre dame
+high ecological validity - more convenient
-harder to control ev’s/cv’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why is it independent groups

A

Due to the nature of a quasi experiment, p’s can only belong to one condition

22
Q

Briefly outline the procedure

A

Select p’s - 10 per group
Get code names by using house number and bday
Brief the study - aims, hypothesis, right to withdraw
Print PSQI and ask them to answer
Calculate scores
Descriptive statistics
Debrief

23
Q

What was the significance level used and why

A

0.05 because its the standard probability and not for a sensitive measure e.g drug testing

24
Q

What was the graphical representation used and why

A

Bar chart - because the data is not continuous and is ordinal + data

25
Q

Descriptive statistics - what are the measure of central tendency

A

Mean
Median
Mode

26
Q

Descriptive statistics - measures of dispersion

A

Range
Standard deviation

27
Q

+/- of mean

A

+most sensitive measure and takes all values into account
-abnormalities affect the mean

28
Q

+/- of mean

A

+most sensitive measure and takes all values into account
-abnormalities affect the mean

29
Q

+/- median

A

+not affected by extreme scores
-not sensitive

30
Q

+/- of mode

A

+not affected by extreme values
-may be 2 modes or 0 so not representative of data

31
Q

+/- of range

A

+quick and easy
-sensitive to outliers

32
Q

+/- of range

A

+quick and easy
-sensitive to outliers

33
Q

+/- of standard deviation

A

+ shows distance from mean
- difficult and time consuming

34
Q

Inferential statistics

A

=mann Whitney U
Independent data
Ordinal and above
Test for difference

35
Q

What is the observed value

A

15.5

36
Q

What is the critical value

A

5

37
Q

Which hypothesis should you reject/accept

A

Accept the alternative hypothesis and reject the null as findings are significant

38
Q

How to consider privacy - PCDRIP

A

Don’t ask personal question e.g sharing a room as they may be embarrassed

39
Q

How to consider confidentiality - PCDRIP

A

No names used
P’s select own participant number
E.g house number/birth year
Not identifiable

40
Q

How to consider deception

A

No deception - P’s know the aims from the start

41
Q

How to consider right to withdraw

A

Brief at the start and end of
Say they can withdraw at any point during the study
48h reflection time

42
Q

How to consider informed consent

A

Each p is given a consent form
Vulnerable children (under 16) - head teacher has given consent for them (by proxy)

43
Q

How to consider protection from harm

A

No psychical harm
May worry about the sleep score which is unnecessary anxiety/stress
Debrief will offer help and guidance e.g website

44
Q

How will I ensure internal reliability is high

A

Standardise instructions for all
Test p’s at same time of days
Same researcher
Same questionnaire

45
Q

How to check four high external reliability

A

Test retest method - test p’s again in September and compare
Look for correlation - higher than 0.8 means high external reliability

46
Q

How may demand characteristics affect research

A

We’re telling p’s the aim of the study in briefing so may act differently

47
Q

How may social desirability affect research

A

Anonymous questionnaires so we don’t know who p’s are
- less likely to lie if they can’t be identified

48
Q

What are the conclusions of the study

A

Alternative hypothesis was correct
There was an increase in sleep scores in adolescence compared to adults

49
Q

3 ways my study could be improved

A

Test retest to improve external reliability and secure consistency

Split half reliability to ensure internal reliability and ensure all 21 questions measure ‘sleep’

Content validity - ask an expert to review the questionnaire and check the questions accurately measure sleep

50
Q

Why do we use these descriptive statistics

A

Mean because we use all the values so more sensitive
Standard deviation because it is ratio data

Psychology Paper 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions