Investigating Population Change: 1.3 What is the role of migration in population change? Flashcards
You know the drill. Read the cards, learn the answers. Try not to commit suicide.
What is the balance between in migration and out-migration called?`
Net migration
Give some kinds of voluntary migration with examples
Skilled labour- Financial experts to New York and Singapore Between LEDCS - Lesotho to South Africa LEDC to MEDC - Bangladeshis to UAE Refugees - Montserrat to Anitgua Asylum seekers - Afghans to UK
Give some kinds of forced migration with examples
Between LEDCs - Hutus from Rwanda to DR Congo. Palastinians to Gaza
Sex workers - Nigerians to the UK
Labour migrants - Sex industry workers to Eastern Europe
Refugees - Ethnic cleansing in Southern Sudan. Movement of Sudanese into Darfur
Asylum Seekers - Kurds from Iraq to Italy
What are the Ravenstein laws?
Ravenstein’s laws are based on Britain during the 1880s. He believed migration had the following characteristics:
> Short distance
> Step-by-step
> Longer distances are travelled to major centres
> There are reverse flows
> Females move more than males
> Large towns grow more by migration than by natural increase
> The major cause is economic
What are the principles of Lee’s Model?
According to Lee, people:
- Assess and perceive the destination
- Assess conditions where they are
- Look at the obstacles between the two, such as distance and cost
- Consider personal circumstance
What does stouffer believe?
In the movement towards a desired location, people will be satisficiers, settling at any obtainable location
What is Todaro’s model?
- Economic factors are the major push and pull factors
- Migration is most likely where urban incomes are greater than rural incomes
Name the processe associated with intranational migration
Suburbanisation (movement from Chelmsford out to Chelmer Village)
Counter-urbanisation (movement from Chelmsford to Roxwell)
Re-urbanisation (movement from Chelmer Village to Victoria Crescent)
How much of the population in 2011 was born outside of the UK?
11.5% of the population: 684,000 from India, 521,000 from Poland, 419,000 from Pakistan
What are the issues with migration into the UK?
- Media portrayal of immigration using negative terms such as ‘flood’ and ‘swamping’
- Difficulty in distinguishing economic migrants from refugees and asylum seekers
- Migrant communities encouraging chain migration
- Issues controlling the UK border
- Pressure on housing, education and health services
Outline the impact of international migration
More countries are being impacted by international migration as the numbers migrating grow. There is no pattern and women are becoming labour migrants in their own right
The UK has imposed tighter regulations, in the form of the highly skilled migrant programme - similar to Russia’s point based system
What are the impacts upon countries accepting migrants?
Demographic replacement - Germany needs 50,000 immigrants/ year to offset the effects of an ageing population
Labour needs are satisfied (i.e. Caribbeans to the UK)
Increases pressure on resources, such as food and land, housing and social resources.
It creates a multicultural society
Segregation - ghettoisation and white flight
Political reactions such as the BNP, national front in France
Gender concentrations - e.g. South Asian men in the UAE and Mexican women in the USA
Illegal labour on low wages, e.g. Mexicans on Californian farms, and some of the gangmaster cases in the UK
What are the impacts on the country sending migrants?
- Slowing down of natural increase because the fertile migration
- Old-age society, as young adults leave
- Slightly decreased pressure on resources - Irish potato famine
- Receipt of remittances - £4 billion sent from England to Poland. Remittances fell by 19% in 2009.
- Return migration with new skills
- Westernisation and cultural imperialism
- Solution to a political or racial issues - e.g. ethnic cleansing in the Balkans
- Loss of skills - India to USA
- Pensions outflow
- Return migration during hard times
Outline the impacts on return migration
Economic downturn in 2008-09 Ghanians returning in 2009 leading to brain gain.
