Investigating Population Change: 1.2 How and why do populations change naturally? Flashcards
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What model is used to review natural change in population?
The Demographic Transition Model
What are the five stages in the model?
Stage One: High fluctuating (regions of Burkino Faso) Stage Two: Early Expanding (Cape Verde) Stage Three: Late expanding (Chile) Stage Four: Low fluctuating (Demark) Stage Five: Decline (Germany)
What is a flaw in the DTM?
It ignores the role of migration
List the characteristics of stage two: Cape Verde
> Population of 500,000 in 2010
Accelerating growth with a large gap between birth rate (25/000) and death rate (6/000) in 2010
Medical revolution enabling death control
Lowering infant mortality (25/000)
Increasing urbanisation and industrialisation - 60% urban
List the characteristics of stage three: Chile
> Social customs have changed
Greater materialism and altruism - concern for life chances
Economic changes have encouraged fewer children to be born
Economy diversifies into services
Chile is approaching stage four
List the characteristics of stage four: Denmark
> Low growth
More women in the labour force
Lifestyle changes - higher incomes, more leisure and increased birth control
Immigration prevents decline
List the characteristics of stage Five: Germany
> Very low birth rate, and low numbers of children per women
MEDCs with increasingly old-age populations, immigration to fill gaps in workforce and higher emigration of young people and highly skilled workers to the global marketplace
Economy is information, ICT and biotechnology based
Rise of individualism linked to the emancipation of women in the labour market, new attitudes to contraception and abortion, and greater financial independence
How is world population growing?
exponentially/ geometrically
What is sustainable population?
The level at which a country may exploit the local resources without depleting them but making substantial gains to advance from them
What is overpopulation?
The level at which there are too few resources to people, meaning supplies are depleted and the nation does not advance because of it
What is underpopulation?
The level at which the resources are not being exploited enough to be successful in a technological and socio-economic level.
What are the three theories of population growth?
Malthusian Theory
Boserup’s Theory
Club of Rome theory
What is the club of Rome theory?
The club of Rome took into account several factors and stated that population would peak and decline alongside resources
What is the Boserup theory?
Population rose geometrically where resources rise arthimatically. When a point of scarcity is reached, an innovation of some kind will rapidly boost the available supply, by finding new supply are becoming more efficient with the older one.
What is the Malthusian theory?
Population rose geometrically where resources rise arthimatically. When population reaches scarcity levels in terms of resources, negative checks would step in (war, disease or famine) to lower the population. Droughts in the Sahel and the reported 800,000,000 in poverty supports the claims of Neo-Malthusians
