Investigating Population Change: 1.1 What is Demographic Change? Flashcards
Try your best to correctly define key terms and list contemporary statistics for global population rates
Define Demography
Demography is the study of a population’s vital statistics
What is the systems theory?
The systems theory provides a framework to consider population as something which is dynamic in nature
How long after 1960 did it take for the world’s population to double?
40 years
The rate of change is assymetrical. How long would it take for the population to double in:
i. the UK
ii. African nations?
i. 433 years
ii. 27 years
Who contributed 82% of the world’s population between 1952-present? Who contributed only 4.4%?
Asia and Africa contributed 82% of global population
Europe contributed just 4.4%
Define Natural Increase
The excess of births over deaths
Define crude birth rate
The ratio of the number of births per annum to the total population expressed per 1000 people
Define crude death rate
The ratio of the number of deaths per annum to the total population expressed per 1000 people
Define total fertility rate
the number of births to a woman over her lifetime
Give some examples of total fertility rates
Italy - 1.3
UK - 1.7
Central African Nations - 5.6
Islamic States - 4.1
What influences total fertility rates?
> Culture
Political Pressures
Social norms
Events such as the end of the war
Define infant mortality rates
number of deaths of children under the age of 1 per 1000
Define maternal mortality rates
Number of deaths of women during childbirth per 100,000
Define life expectancy and name some examples
The average age you are expected to live to in a particular nation - i.e. as of 2010, a resident of the UK is expected to live to 80 on average. In Lesotho, you are expected to live to just 41
Define migration
The movement of people from one administrative area to another, mostly of a permanent nature
define migration balance
Migration balance is excess of in-migration over out-migration and vice versa
Define in-migration
The flow of people over a given time period into a country
Define out-migration
The opposite of in migration
Define net population change
Net population change is the change in the country when both natural change and migration are taken into consideration
Explaining global variations in demographic indicators: List the health factors (7)
> Control of disease - death control > Birth control - contraceptives > Infant mortality > Diet - malnutrition > Doctors, nurses > sexual Health > Sanitation
Explaining global variations in demographic indicators: List the Welfare factors (4)
> Levels of care for the elderly
Improving living standards
Availability of radio and the media
Clean water supply
Explaining global variations in demographic indicators: List the Educational factors (5)
> Health education > Age of ending compulsory schooling > female years in education > Levels of tertiary education > Literacy levels
Explaining global variations in demographic indicators: List the Political factors (5)
> Taxation to support services
Economy and resources to support numbers
Impact of war and conflict
Facilitating access to health care and contraception
Explaining global variations in demographic indicators: List the Cultural factors (5)
> Religious attitude to birth control > Status gain from having children > Role of women in society > Role of extended family > Sexual morality
Explaining global variations in demographic indicators: List the environmental factors (2)
> Frequency of major hazards
> Environmental conditions that breed killer diseases
List the life expectancy, death rate, infant mortality rate and % of population over 65 in:
I. UK
II. Japan
III. Afghanistan
I. 80, 9, 4.7, 16%
II. 83, 9, 2.6, 23%
III. 44, 39, 155, 2%
