Investigating Cells: Respiration Flashcards
What is respiration?
Using oxygen gas to release energy from food e.g. glucose.
How is ATP generated?
When glucose is broken down during respiration, the energy released is used to generate ATP.
What type of energy is stored in ATP?
Chemical energy
Give four uses of energy in cells.
- Active transport
- Cell division
- Protein synthesis
- Muscle cell contraction
- Transmission of nerve impulses
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose+oxygen-> CO2+water+lots of ATP
What molecule is formed when glucose is broken down?
Pyruvate
Where does respiration begin in a cell?
The cytoplasm
What is the total number of ATP molecules produced when oxygen is broken down?
36
What are the end products of aerobic respiration?
Carbon dioxide, water and ATP
Where does aerobic respiration occur in a cell?
Mitochondria
Give 2 examples of cells that require a large number of mitochondria.
Muscle cells and sperm cells
Why might some cells need more mitochondria?
Cells which are more active require more energy, and so they have more mitochondria in order to carry out their function.
What type of respiration occurs when there is no oxygen present?
Fermentation
How many ATP molecules are produced during fermentation?
2
State the word equation for fermentation in animals.
Glucose -> Lactate + 2ATP
What molecule is produced during fermentation in animals?
Lactate
Where does fermentation in animals occur?
Cytoplasm
What is the word equation for fermentation in plant and yeast cells?
Glucose -> Ethanol + CO2 + 2ATP
What are the end products of fermentation in plant and yeast cells?
Ethanol, CO2 and ATP
Where does fermentation in plant and yeast cells occur?
Cytoplasm
Why is fermentation reversible in animal cells and not in plant and yeast cells?
What piece of equipment can be used to measure respiration rates?
How does a respirometer work?
