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Bio > Invertibrate Exam > Flashcards

Invertibrate Exam Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Innovations in animal evolution

A
  1. Body Symmetry
  2. Tissues
  3. Body Cavities
  4. Embryonic development
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2
Q

Acoelomate

A

No cavity - organs embedded in mesoderm

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3
Q

Pseudocoelomate

A

False cavity - filled with fluid & suspended organs.

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4
Q

Coelomates

A

True cavity - better control since more muscles present .

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5
Q

Parazoa

A

General lack of any definite symmetry (sponges).

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6
Q

Eumetazoa

A

Habe bilateral symmetry.

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7
Q

What are the 3 classes of Porifera?

A

Calcarea
Demospongiae
Hexactindellia

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8
Q

Mesophyl

A

A gelatinous, protein-rich matrix found between the choanocyte layer and the epithelial layer of the body of a sponge.

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9
Q

Spongin

A

Protien made by sponges as endoskeleton. 90% of sponges use spongin. (10% use collagen)

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10
Q

Metamerism

A

Evolution of head & brain area in the anterior end of animals.

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11
Q

Nephridia

A

A tubule that open to the exterior of an invertebrate and acts as an organ of excretion or osmoregulation. Typically has ciliated or flagellated cells and absorptive walls.

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12
Q

What are the 5 classes of Porifera?

A 
Hydrozoa
Scyphozoa (jellyfish)
Cubazoa (box jellyfish)
Anthozoa (corals and anemones)
Staurozoa (star jellies)
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13
Q

Phylum Platyhelminths –> Classes

A

Class Turbellaria

Subphylum Neodermata

  • Class Trematoda
  • Class Cercomeromorpha
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14
Q

What are the classes of Annelida?

A

Clitellata

  • Leaches
  • Earthworms

Poluchaeta

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15
Q

Phylum Cnidaria –> Class hydrozoa

A
  • Majority of marine species

- Predators

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16
Q

Phylum Cnidaria –> Class cubozoa

A
  • All marine
  • medusa is dominant
    nematocysts are fatal
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17
Q

Phylum Cnidaria –> Class anthozoa

A
  • all marine
  • soft corals, anemones, sea fans, sea pens
  • solitary or colonial
  • no medusa
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18
Q

Phylum Cnidaria –> Class anthozoa –> orders

A

Hexacorallia (anemones & hard corals)

Octocorallia (soft corals)

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19
Q

Phylum Cnidaria –> Class Staurozoa

A
  • no polyp stage
20
Q

Phylum Platyhelminths

A
  • flatworms
  • unsegmented
  • triploblastic
  • acoelomate
  • bilateral symmetry
  • digestive, reproductive, nervous, and excretory systems
21
Q

Phylum Platyhelminths –> Class Turbellaria

A
  • Mostly free living
  • Some predatory/scavenging
  • Locomotion via cillia and/or rhythmic muscular contractions
22
Q

Phylum Platyhelminths –> Subphylum Neodermata –> Class Trematoda

A
  • flatworms; always parasitic

- heavy infestation can cause disease

23
Q

Phylum Platyhelminths –> Subphylum Neodermata –> Class Cercomeromorpha

A

always parasitic

24
Q

Phylum Annelids

A
  • free living or parasitic
  • Coelomate
  • Triploblastic
  • bilateral symmetry
  • digestive, muscular, excretory, and closed circulatory system
25
Q

Phylum Annelids –> Class Citellata (Leaches)

A
  • mostly freshwater & terrestial
  • anterior & posterior sucker
  • 32 segments
  • hermaphrodites
26
Q

Phylum Annelids –> Class Citellata (Earthworms)

A
  • mostly terrestial
  • up to 130 body segments
  • cephalisation (simple head - no eyes or jaws)
  • digestive, reproductive, excretory, nervous, closed circulatory (5 hearts), and respiratory systems
  • hermaphrodites
27
Q

Phylum Annelids –> Class Polychaetes

A
  • mostly marines
  • most complicated annelid
  • parapodia - found in most segments
  • digestive, circulatory, reproductive, & nervous systems
  • sexual reproduction
  • dioecious
28
Q

Phylum Mollusca

A
  • triploblastic
  • coelomate
  • protosomes
  • bilateral symmetry
  • complicated systems
29
Q

Phylum Mollusca circulatory systems

A

Open circulation= → Blood collected from gills→ Heart→ Spaces in the tissues (hemocoel) → Gills

Closed circulation= cephalopods have 3 hearts; two branchial hearts move blood through the gills, one systemic heart moves blood through the body in vessels

30
Q

Phylum Mollusca body plan

A

three main parts; the foot, visceral mass and the mantle.

31
Q

Phylum Mollusca –> classes

A 
Bivalvia
Cephalopoda
Polypalacophora
Gastropoda
Caudofoveata
Solenogastres
Monoplaccophora
Scaphopoda
32
Q

How many classes of Phylum Mollusca

A

8

33
Q

Phylum Mollusca –> class polyplacophora

A

Foot- broad & flat

Mantle - from foot to base of plates

Shells - 8 overlapping plates

Head - simple

Radula - present

Ink - absent

34
Q

Phylum Mollusca –> class bivalvia

A

Foot - reduced

Mantle - lines both halves of shell

Shell - 2 shells held together by a hinge

Head - absent

Radula - absent (filter feeders)

Ink - absent

35
Q

Phylum Mollusca –> class gastropoda

A

Foot - well developed

Mantle - absent

Shell - varied morphology

Head - present (eyes & tentacles)

Radula - present (rasping food)

Ink - absent

36
Q

Phylum Mollusca –> class cephalopods

A

Foot - modified into siphon & tentacles

Mantle - used for locomotion via jet propulsion

Shell - dependant on subclass

Head - large, well developed, prominent eyes

Radula - present with beak

Ink - present

37
Q

Phylum Arthropoda –> classes

A

Chelicerata
Crustacea
Insecta
Myriapoda

38
Q

Phylum Arthropoda

A
  • triploblastic
  • coelomate
  • bilateral symmetry
  • exoskeleton made from chitin
  • jointed appendages
  • metamerism ( 2-3 segments)
39
Q

Phylum Arthropoda –> Class Chelicerata

A
  • chelicerae: feeding appendages, part of the mouth
  • pedipalps: used for sperm transfer or feeding, jointed appendages
  • never have antennae
  • 4 pairs of walking legs
40
Q

Phylum Arthropoda –> Class Chelicerata –> Orders

A 
Araneae - spiders
Opiliones - daddy long legs
Acari -mites and ticks
Scorpions
Pycnogonids -sea spiders
Xiphosuran - Horseshoe crabs
41
Q

Why are insects so successful?

A
  1. Small size
  2. Short life cycle
  3. Large reproductive ability
  4. Life history with Metamorphosis
  5. Wings -
  6. Evolutionary interactions with other Organisms
  7. Adaption of appendages
42
Q

Phylum Arthropoda –> Class Crustaccea –> Orders

A

Branchiopod – water fleas, brine shrimp
Copepoda
Cirripedia - barnacles
Malacostraca – prawns, crabs

43
Q

Phylum Arthropoda –> Class Crustaccea

A
  • two main body parts, cephalothorax and abdomen

- have mandibles and nauplius larvae

44
Q

Phylum Arthropoda –> Class Hexapoda

A

Three main body regions

  • Head: 1 pair antennae, compound eyes, mouthparts
  • Thorax: 3 pairs of legs (jointed and uniramous)
  • Abdomen: reproductive, digestive and respiratory structures
45
Q

Phylum Echinodermata

A
  • deutrostomes
  • triploblastic
  • coelomate
  • endoskeleton
  • water vascular system
46
Q

Phylum Echinodermata –> Classes

A 
Asteroidea (sea stars)
Ophiuroidea (brittle stars)
Echinoidea (sea urchins)
Holothuroidea (sea cocumbers)
Crinoidea (feather stars & sea lillies)

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