Introductory Notes Flashcards
what is a drug ?
a compound that has to have a therapeutic benefit that outweighs the risk of its consumption
is nicotine a drug ?
no, because the benefits don’t outweigh the risks
what is the generic name of a drug ? give an example
refers to the active chemical, or a version that is easier to pronounce. eg n-acetyl-para-aminophenol = paracetamol
who chooses the generic name of a drug ?
a governing body
who owns a generic drug name ?
no one, it is non-proprietary
what is the trade-name / brand name of a drug ? give an example
it is short and easy to pronounce
refers to a drug or a product w multiple active chemicals w generic names
name owned by company under patent protection
what is a generic drug ?
a copy of the original drug, but bioequivalent or else has to go through clinical trial phases
made by other companies after patent expires, may be less costly
may have a generic name or a new trade name
give an example of a chemical name, generic name, and trade name.
chemical : n-acetyl blabla
generic: paracetamol, acetaminophen
trade: tylenol
name three trade names for tylenol
tylenol, atasol, panadol
what does NSAID stand for ?
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
what is Advil’s generic name ?
ibuprofen
name 4 trade names for advil
advil, brufen, motrin, nurofe
what is Vanquish?
the trade name for a mix of aspirin, caffeine, and acetaminophen
it is an over-the-counter analgesic
what are 2 analgesics ?
NSAIDs, opioids
what is an analgesic’s job
to relieve pain
what are 3 antibiotics ?
tetracyclines, penicillins, cephalosporins
what are 3 antihypertensives ?
b-2 blockers, diuretics, ACE inhibitors
what are 5 types of anti-inflammatory drugs ?
NSAIDs, corticosteroids, b-2 agonists, corticosterone, leukotrine modifiers
explain what the 5 classifications of controlled substances are.
Schedule I: high abuse potential, no accepted medical use, may be used in research.
Schedule II: high abuse potential, accepted medical use.
Schedule III: Lower abuse potential, accepted medical use.
Schedule IV: Lower abuse potential, accepted medical use.
Schedule V: lowest abuse potential, sometimes over-the-counter.
give 3 examples of Schedule I drugs
heroin, LSD, marijuana
give 5 examples of Schedule II drugs
cocaine, codeine, methadone, morphine, methamphetamine
how would an illegal drug be classified ?
Schedule I
what classification can a banned from sports drug be in ?
any
what is the one-word priority Phase I clinical trial ?
safety
Phase I: no of people, elements observed
20-80 healthy people (statistical power not an issue)
SAMED: safety, absorption, metabolism, excretion, dosage
what is the one-word priority of Phase II clinical trial?
efficacy
Phase II: people, elements observed
100-300 people (disease and control group)
effectiveness and short term safety
what happens if in a clinical trial there are adverse reactions in Phase I or II like vomiting, coma, unusual bruising ?
they have to change the drug and start over
Phase III: people, elements observed
1000-3000 people (greater statistical power), meds given to patients like MS, cancer
effectiveness and adverse effects
Phase IV- what does it mean for the population?
physicians prescribe it to general population, collect data, compare to other drugs. recalls may happen if very rare adverse effects manifest themselves.
