Introductory Notes

Question 1

what is a drug ?

Answer 1

a compound that has to have a therapeutic benefit that outweighs the risk of its consumption

Question 2

is nicotine a drug ?

Answer 2

no, because the benefits don’t outweigh the risks

Question 3

what is the generic name of a drug ? give an example

Answer 3

refers to the active chemical, or a version that is easier to pronounce. eg n-acetyl-para-aminophenol = paracetamol

Question 4

who chooses the generic name of a drug ?

Answer 4

a governing body

Question 5

who owns a generic drug name ?

Answer 5

no one, it is non-proprietary

Question 6

what is the trade-name / brand name of a drug ? give an example

Answer 6

it is short and easy to pronounce
refers to a drug or a product w multiple active chemicals w generic names
name owned by company under patent protection

Question 7

what is a generic drug ?

Answer 7

a copy of the original drug, but bioequivalent or else has to go through clinical trial phases
made by other companies after patent expires, may be less costly
may have a generic name or a new trade name

Question 8

give an example of a chemical name, generic name, and trade name.

Answer 8

chemical : n-acetyl blabla

generic: paracetamol, acetaminophen
trade: tylenol

Question 9

name three trade names for tylenol

Answer 9

tylenol, atasol, panadol

Question 10

what does NSAID stand for ?

Answer 10

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Question 11

what is Advil’s generic name ?

Answer 11

ibuprofen

Question 12

name 4 trade names for advil

Answer 12

advil, brufen, motrin, nurofe

Question 13

what is Vanquish?

Answer 13

the trade name for a mix of aspirin, caffeine, and acetaminophen
it is an over-the-counter analgesic

Question 14

what are 2 analgesics ?

Answer 14

NSAIDs, opioids

Question 15

what is an analgesic’s job

Answer 15

to relieve pain

Question 16

what are 3 antibiotics ?

Answer 16

tetracyclines, penicillins, cephalosporins

Question 17

what are 3 antihypertensives ?

Answer 17

b-2 blockers, diuretics, ACE inhibitors

Question 18

what are 5 types of anti-inflammatory drugs ?

Answer 18

NSAIDs, corticosteroids, b-2 agonists, corticosterone, leukotrine modifiers

Question 19

explain what the 5 classifications of controlled substances are.

Answer 19

Schedule I: high abuse potential, no accepted medical use, may be used in research.

Schedule II: high abuse potential, accepted medical use.

Schedule III: Lower abuse potential, accepted medical use.

Schedule IV: Lower abuse potential, accepted medical use.

Schedule V: lowest abuse potential, sometimes over-the-counter.

Question 20

give 3 examples of Schedule I drugs

Answer 20

heroin, LSD, marijuana

Question 21

give 5 examples of Schedule II drugs

Answer 21

cocaine, codeine, methadone, morphine, methamphetamine

Question 22

how would an illegal drug be classified ?

Answer 22

Schedule I

Question 23

what classification can a banned from sports drug be in ?

Answer 23

any

Question 24

what is the one-word priority Phase I clinical trial ?

Answer 24

safety

Question 25

Phase I: no of people, elements observed

Answer 25

20-80 healthy people (statistical power not an issue)

SAMED: safety, absorption, metabolism, excretion, dosage

Question 26

what is the one-word priority of Phase II clinical trial?

Answer 26

efficacy

Question 27

Phase II: people, elements observed

Answer 27

100-300 people (disease and control group)

effectiveness and short term safety

Question 28

what happens if in a clinical trial there are adverse reactions in Phase I or II like vomiting, coma, unusual bruising ?

Answer 28

they have to change the drug and start over

Question 29

Phase III: people, elements observed

Answer 29

1000-3000 people (greater statistical power), meds given to patients like MS, cancer

effectiveness and adverse effects

Question 30

Phase IV- what does it mean for the population?

Answer 30

physicians prescribe it to general population, collect data, compare to other drugs. recalls may happen if very rare adverse effects manifest themselves.