INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS ON HEALTH CARE ETHICS Flashcards
a philosophical and practical science seeks to determine how human actions may be judged right or wrong
ethics
- guides ones judgement concerning the morality of human acts
- critical reflections and rational analysis of marality
ethics
human conduct in the light of ethics
morals
what people believed to be right and good
morality
- deals with the morality of human conduct concerning life
- from conception to death
bioethics
field of applied ethics that is concerned with the vast array of moral decision-making situations that arise in the practice of medicine and health allied disicplines
health ethics
division of ethics that relate to professional behavior
professional ethics
- right or wrong
- consequence: loss of professional reputation, loss of professional affiliation
ethical conduct
- legal or illegal
- consequence: punishment as prescribed by the law
legal requirements
- proper or improper
- consequence: loss of professional respect and fellowship
professional etiquette
importance of health ethics
K-G-P-F-F
- provides knowledge of morality
- serves as a guiding principle for health care practitioners in addressing healthcare issues
- gives proper direction and fundamental ways to live an upright life in the health care profession
- provides a framework for moral ethical judgement and decision-making in health care
theories that represent the viewpoints from which individuals seek guidance as they make decisions
ethical theories
- morality is derived from rationality, not from experience
- morality depends on intrinsic nature rather than consequences
deontological theory
deon (greek) means?
one must
deontological theory was developed by
immanuel kant
deontological: applicable in all situations (absolute)
categorical
deontological: something must be done (obligation)
imperatives
a requirement in kantian deontological theory that we should act only according to the ___
maxims
“act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law without contradiction”
universal application
“act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of nay other, never merely as means to an end, but always at the same time as an end”
unconditionality
“therefore, every rational being must so act as if he were through his maxim always a legislating member in the universal kingdom of ends”
demanding an action
the most common form of consequence-oriented theory
utilitarianism
fathers of utilitarianism
bentham and mill
- morality is based on outcome
- what is right maximized some good
- good resides in the promotion of happiness or pleasure, rather than pain
teleology
“the greatest good for the greatest number”
principle of utility
“an individual is not allowed to increase his happiness at the expense of another”
principle of equal consideration of interest
telos (greek) means?
final purpose; consequence of an action
- ethics is about agents, not actions nor consequences
- from the health of the moral agent making the decisions
- developed through routine practice and training
virtue ethics
arete (greek) means?
excellence or virtue
who developed virtue ethics?
aristotle
- a guiding principle composed of beliefs and attitudes taught by early environment
- subjective and personal
- may not have moral goodness
value
- characteristics and dispositions that are morally right
- universally accepted
- with high moral values
virtue
core values of a professional nurse
- love of god
- caring as the core of nursing
- love of people
- love of country
filipino values
- respect for elders
- trust in divine providence
- patience
- optimism
- forbearance
- hospitality
- respect for womanhood
- harmonious interpersonal relationships
virtues of a health care provider
- fidelity
- honesty
- integrity
- humility
- respect
- compassion
-prudence - courage
if virtues are nor practice or guarded it can lead to the development of ___
vices
negative habits or dispositions that are against morality and ethics
vices
relationship of trust of the patient to the healthcare provider
fiduciary
deficiency and excess:
integrity
corruption, legalism
deficiency and excess:
discernment
foolishness, judgementalism
deficiency and excess:
love
selfishness, enablement
deficiency and excess:
respect
disregard, idolatry
deficiency and excess:
humility
pride, degradation
deficiency and excess:
diligence
slothfulness, workaholism
deficiency and excess:
temperance
licentiousness, strictness
deficiency and excess:
courage
cowardice, foolhardiness
