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Veterinary General Pathology > Introduction to Veterinary Pathology (Lec. 02) > Flashcards

Introduction to Veterinary Pathology (Lec. 02) Flashcards

1
Q

true recognized veterinary symbol
encircled by a sacred serpent, then overlaid by the letter “V

A

staff of Greek god Aesculapius (Greek god of healing)

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2
Q

Standard Classification of Disease/SNOMED

A

▪ Topography
▪ Morphology
▪ Etiology
▪ Function
▪ Disease
▪ Procedure
▪ Occupation

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3
Q

Pathology provides the basis for understanding?

A
  1. mechanisms of disease
  2. classification of diseases
  3. diagnosis of diseases
  4. basis of treatment
  5. Monitoring the progress of disease
  6. Determining prognosis
  7. Understanding complications
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4
Q

deals with the study of disease in cells, tissues and organs

A

anatomic pathology

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5
Q

deals with body fluids and secretions

A

clinical pathology

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6
Q

What are the two major professional divisions and two major divisions of pathology?

A

Two major professional divisions: Medical and Veterinary Pathology

Two major divisions:
Anatomic and Clinical Pathology

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7
Q

study of the common denominators of disease, and the mechanisms of disease
production

A

general pathology

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8
Q

deals with the study of
specific diseases as they affect specific organs and organ system

A

systemic/special pathology

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9
Q

study of tissue abnormalities using either gross examination or microscopic examination of sectioned materials, traditionally called histopathology

A

diagnostic pathology

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10
Q

deals with biopsy materials, or
those materials surgically sampled from living animals

A

surgical pathology

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11
Q

manipulation, analysis and experimental production of
abnormalities, with an end in view of understanding the underlying mechanism in the development of disease

A

experimental pathology

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12
Q

body condition resulting from defects, excesses, deficiencies, and injuries as they occur at the cell and tissue level that leads to clinically apparent signs of
dysfunction

A

disease

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13
Q

deals with the evolution of a group of animals, therefore is a basic concern of students in veterinary pathology

A

phylogeny

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14
Q

Animals commonly affected by FMD (Foot and Mouth Disease)

A

goat, sheep, cattle, buffalo (cloven-footed animals)

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15
Q

Disease in animals is a complex interplay of three interacting factors. What are the three determinants of disease?

A

Environment, Animal/Host, Agent

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16
Q

developmental process from the culmination of the disease to its
termination

A

pathogenesis

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17
Q

With the disease process in progress, the alterations in the normal functions are called?

A

pathophysiology

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18
Q

What is a diagnosis?

A

It is a conclusion derived from the study of the cause and pathogenesis of the disease, with an end in view of differentiating the disease in question from other diseases of similar manifestations.

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19
Q

It is the study of the cause of disease which is required to understand the pathogenesis of a disease.

A

Etiology

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20
Q

This diagnosis provides the precise cause of the disease.

A

Aetologic/Etiologic Diagnosis

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21
Q

What are the four possible outcomes of disease once starts and progresses?

A
  1. healing and recovery
  2. death
  3. functional deficit
  4. impasse
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22
Q

What is an impasse in terms of pathology?

A

It is the steady state where the agent
cannot cause damage any further sufficiently to cause functional impairment or death, yet the animal body cannot eliminate the agent.

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23
Q

It is a type of defense mechanism which includes those reflex reactions to the presence of irritants on body surfaces such as sneezing and coughing when something irritates the respiratory
passageways.

A

Mechanical Defense

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24
Q

special zones in the animal
body as the blood-brain barriers and placental barrier that selectively permit
substances from reaching the brain and the developing fetus in gravid animals

A

anatomical barriers

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25
Q

means by which the body rid itself of
offending agents, apart from the non-specific protections accorded by phagocytic cells (neutrophils and macrophages), and natural killer cells in the body

A

physiologic defense mechanism

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26
Q

These are specific white blood cell lines, called lymphocytes, and reactive plasma proteins that are specifically directed towards offending agents of disease.

A

Immunologic defense

27
Q

study of the basic reactions of cells and tissues to abnormal stimuli that underlie all diseases

A

general pathology

28
Q

study of the specific responses of specialized organs and tissues to more or less well-defined pathologic stimuli

A

systemic pathology

29
Q

A branch of pathology directed to the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases by laboratory means. It involves the collection and examination of body fluids and interpretations of laboratory findings.

A

clinical pathology

30
Q

any deviation from, or interruption of, the normal structure or function of
any part, organ or system of the body

A

disease

31
Q

observed abnormalities of structures in animals

A

clinical signs

32
Q

▪ concerned with the nature and cause of disease as expressed by changes in cellular or tissue structure and function caused by the disease process

▪ the study of the functional, biochemical and morphological alterations in cells, tissues and organs that underlie disease

A

pathology

33
Q

the structural alterations (gross or microscopic) in cells or tissues that are often characteristic of the disease

A

Morphologic changes

34
Q

the nature of the morphologic changes and their distribution in organs or tissues influence normal function and determine the clinical signs,
course and prognosis of the disease

A

clinical significance

35
Q

the mechanisms or sequence of events leading from initiation of cell or
tissue injury to disease development

A

pathogenesis

36
Q

What is a lesion?

A

▪ any structural (or functional) abnormality in an organ, tissue or cell

▪ gross and microscopic changes (to include biochemical) in a cell, tissue, organ and system as a result of a disease

▪ a wound or injury; a pathologic change in the tissues.

37
Q

a lesion or sign that is specifically distinctive or
characteristic of a disease or pathological condition

A

pathognomonic

38
Q

What is injury or injurious agents?

A

▪ refers to any outside or inside influences in the animal or individual that would cause changes either in physiology and morphology of the cell

▪ anything that upsets the homeostasis of the cell

39
Q

any stimulus or succession of stimuli of such magnitude that tend to
disrupt the homeostasis of the organism

A

stress

40
Q

Define homeostasis.

A

▪ the maintenance of the steady state in an organism by coordinated physiological processes or feedback mechanisms.

▪ The process through which such bodily equilibrium is maintained.

41
Q

Refers to the capacity to produce a disease

A

pathogenicity

42
Q

Refers to the degree of pathogenicity or disease producing power of the
organism.

A

virulence

43
Q

is the expected outcome or prediction of probable result of a disease

A

prognosis

44
Q

postmortem examination of the body to determine the nature of pathological processes that contribute to death or disease

A

Necropsy/Autopsy

45
Q

the removal and examination of tissue from the living body to establish a precise diagnosis

A

biopsy

46
Q

Components of a Description (10)

A
  1. Tissue
  2. Number
  3. Distribution
  4. Shape
  5. Color
  6. Size
  7. Pattern
  8. Consistency
  9. Special features
  10. Others (Odor, Surface)
47
Q

3 steps useful in Veterinary medicine:

A

o OBSERVE carefully
o DESCRIBE completely
o DIAGNOSE (DEDUCE OR INTERPRET) confidently

48
Q

A description in gross pathology should be?

A

o Concise
o Grammatically correct
o Anatomically accurate

49
Q

Microscopic study of lesion(s) in a tissue section

A

histopathology

50
Q

commonly used stain for histopathological examination

A

hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)

51
Q

What is the special stain used for fat vacuoles?

A

Sudan Stain

52
Q

What is the special stain used for glycogen vacuoles?

A

Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)

53
Q

What is Toluidine blue?

A

It is a special type of stain used to specifically demonstrate lesions in mast cells.

54
Q

Special stains are used to specifically demonstrate lesion. Give three examples.

A

Sudan stain, Periodic Acid-Schiff, Toluidine Blue

55
Q

study morphologic manifestations of disease
(gross, LM, EM, etc.)

A

morphologic pathologist

56
Q

they conduct laboratory analysis of disease in living patients (cytology, hematology, chemistry, etc.)

A

clinical pathologists

57
Q

deals with animals such as mammalian, avian,
zoo & wildlife, lab animal / primate, fish, etc

A

veterinary pathologist

58
Q

A list of diagnosis that could account for the history, clinical signs or lesions in a case.

A

differential diagnosis

59
Q

a diagnosis based on the predominant gross and microscopic lesion(s) in the tissue

A

morphological diagnosis

60
Q

it may be macroscopic (gross) or microscopic (histologic) and describes the severity, duration, distribution, location and nature (e.g., degenerative, inflammatory, neoplastic) of the lesion

A

morphological

61
Q

diagnosis based on data obtained from the case history, clinical signs and physical examination

A

clinical diagnosis

62
Q

a diagnosis that names the specific (or general) cause of the disease. (e.g., parvoviral enteritis, parasitic hepatitis)

A

etiological diagnosis

63
Q

▪ A specific diagnosis that states the “name of the disease”

▪ A confirmatory diagnosis resulting o naming of the disease.

A

Disease (definitive) diagnosis

64
Q

mechanism-oriented discipline in pathology

A

general pathology

Veterinary General Pathology (4 decks)

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