Introduction to the Nursing Practice Flashcards
Who is Florence Nightingale?
Founder of modern nursing
What did Florence Nightingale pioneer?
Evidence-Based Care
All of these skills ensure that patients receive Safe and Effective Nursing Care (SENC)
-Critical thinking
-Communication skills
-Organization
- Leadership
-Advocacy
-Technical Skills
Clinical judgment
Consists of recognizing and analyzing cues, prioritizing hypotheses, generating solutions, taking actions, and evaluating outcomes
Critical thinking /reflective thinking
Involves collecting and analyzing information and carefully considering options for action
Problem-solving
Considers an issue and attempts to find a satisfactory solution
What changes in society often lead to changes in nursing?
-Healthcare reform-aka Obamacare
-The economy
-Aging population- baby boomers
-Medically underserved
- Emerging infections - Ebola, Covid, monkeypox
-Bioterrorism threats
-Nursing and provider shortages
-Disaster management
A profession has the following characteristics:
- Requires an extended education
- Requires a body of knowledge
- Provides a specific service
- Has autonomy
- Incorporates a code of ethics
What makes nursing an occupation?
- The employer, not the nurse, decides the conditions of practice and the nature of the work
- Nurse practice acts do not prevent nurses from functioning more autonomously
What makes nursing a discipline?
- Nursing is a scientifically based and self-governed profession that focuses on the ethical care of others
- Nursing is a discipline, driven by aspects of theory and practice
- Nursing demands mastery of both theoretical knowledge and clinical skills
What is one factor that prevents nursing from being described as a profession rather than as a “job”?
A. Nursing knowledge is based on scientific knowledge
B. Nurses create a plan of care using nursing diagnoses
C. Most nurses only work to earn a paycheck
D. In general, the work of the nurse is determined by the healthcare facilities as employers
D. In general, the work of the nurse is determined by the healthcare facilities as employers
What is autonomy?
the ability to make your own decisions
What is Stage 1 of the phases of nursing and what does it mean?
Novice - a person new to or inexperienced in a field or situation
What is Stage 2 of the phases of nursing and what does it mean?
Advanced beginner - someone who has learned a lot but is still unsure of what to do next
What is Stage 3 of the phases of nursing and what does it mean?
Competent - having the necessary skills or ability to do something well enough to meet a standard
What is Stage 4 of the phases of nursing and what does it mean?
Proficient - very good at doing something, especially through practice
What is Stage 5 of the phases of nursing and what does it mean?
Expert - a person who has a comprehensive and authoritative knowledge of or skill in a particular area
What does NPA stand for?
Nurse Practice Acts
Who creates the laws that govern nursing practice?
Nurse Practice Acts
What does the State Boards of Nursing do?
- Approve nursing education
- Licensing criteria
- Develops rules and regulations for nurse guidance
- Enforce rules
The Nursing Process is
a critical thinking model - provides guidelines for implementing and evaluating nursing care
Why do we have the Oregon Nurse Practice Act?
To ensure that our citizens, when hospitalized in an acute care facility, will receive safe patient care based on sufficient, safe nurse staffing
Safety and protection from us.
Regulate practice so we are safe
What is Division 45?
Scope of Practice for the LPN and RN
-Defines activities that qualified nurses may perform
CNAs have standards and authorized duties while nurses have a
scope
Standards of Practice
Describe a competent level of nursing care as demonstrated by the critical thinking model known as the nursing process
The Nursing Process is made up of what 6 standards?
-Assessment
-Diagnosis (nursing)
-Outcome identification (measurable)
- Planning
-Implementation
-Evaluation
What organization is directly responsible for regulating the practice of nursing in each state?
A. The state board of nursing
B. The state legislature
C. The American Nurses Association
D. The American Medical Association
A. The state board of nursing
American Nurses Association (ANA)
purpose is to improve standards of health and the availability of health care to foster high standards for nursing and to improve the professional development and general and economic welfare of nurse
National League for Nursing (NLN)
sets standards of excellence and innovation in nursing education
International Council of Nursing
promotes and improves standards of nursing practice and seeks a higher status for nurses by providing an international platform. The ANA is part of the ICN
National Student Nurses Association (NSNA)
considers issues of importance to nursing students, such as career development and preparation for licensure
Specialty Nursing Organizations
focus on speciality specific (e.g. critical care, women’s health, nursing administration, etc)
What is the code of ethics?
Philosophical ideals of right and wrong define principles used to provide care
Who wrote a whole book on the code of ethics?
American Nurses Association (ANA)
What are the key principles of ethical behavior?
-Advocacy
-Responsibility
-Accountability
-Confidentiality
What does advocacy mean?
the application of one’s skills and knowledge for the benefit of another person
What does responsibility mean?
willingness to respect one’s professional obligations and follow through (e.g. maintain competency of skills and knowledge and seek help when you are unsure
What does accountability mean?
answering for your own actions both professionally and legally
What does confidentiality mean?
ensuring personal health information is private-HIPAA standards upheld
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) competencies include:
- Patient-Centered Care
- Teamwork and Collaboration
- Evidence-Based practice
-Quality Improvement
-Safety
-Informatics
Who receives nursing care?
- individuals
- groups-families
- communities
What is the focus of primary services?
- Promotion (highest level of well-being)
- Prevention of disease, infection, and other comorbidities
- How - hand hygiene, immunizations, smoking cessation
What is the focus of secondary services?
- Early diagnosis and treatment of illness, disease, or injury
- Primarily in a hospital setting
- Push to move out of the hospital
What is the focus of tertiary services?
Long-term rehab services and care for dying
What is acute care?
- Urgent, emergent, sudden
- Pre-hospital and hospital
- Injury or illness that can be life-threatening
What is long-term support services?
- Array of services provided for long-term chronic conditions, disabilities, or frailty
- Non-hospital settings
- Ambulatory care centers, extended care facilities, etc.
What is an illness?
A state in which a person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual function is diminished or impaired
What is an acute illness?
Short duration and severe
What is a chronic illness?
Chronic, persists longer than 6 months
What is health and wellbeing?
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
What is primary prevention?
Designed to prevent or slow onset of disease
What is secondary prevention?
- Focuses on detecting illness in early stages
- Delay the advancement of diseases
What is tertiary prevention?
- Focuses on stopping the disease from progressing or returning
- Minimize long-term effects of disease/prevent complications
What is Healthy People?
Provides evidence-based 10-year national objectives for promoting health and preventing disease
Who identifies the scope and standards of practice?
American Nurses Association (ANA)
What is nonmaleficence?
the ethical principle of avoiding or minimizing harm to others
What is veracity?
conformity with truth or fact
What is beneficence?
the ethical principle of acting to benefit others, or doing good
What is evidence-based practice?
a method of healthcare that uses the best available scientific evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values to guide healthcare decisions
What is Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)
a national initiative that aims to improve the quality and safety of healthcare by providing nurses with the knowledge and skills to do so
What are critical pathways?
the direction of patient care based on scientific evidence, best practices for desired outcomes in the quickest manner to reduce costs
What is fidelity?
a nurse’s commitment to providing high-quality care that is based on trust, integrity, and loyalty
How do we ensure quality care?
Continuous quality improvement programs
- Process reviews
- Outcome reviews
- Structure reviews
What is Safe, Effective Nursing Care (SENC)?
A concept that involves providing care that protects patients and healthcare personnel while also maximizing what goes right and minimizing what goes wrong
What are social determinants of health?
non-medical factors that affect health outcomes
What is the ethic of care focused on?
the relationships between people and with a nurse’s character and attitude toward others
The term “ethic” refers to
the ideals of right and wrong behavior
Caring is…
an interaction of mutual respect and trust
Patients value the
affective dimension of nursing care
What is nursing presence?
A person-to-person encounter conveying a closeness and sense of caring
Relieving symptoms and suffering
-requires caring nursing actions that provide comfort, dignity, respect, and peace
- conveying a quiet, caring presence, touching or listening is needed to assess and understand a patient’s discomfort
- providing comfort through a listening, nonjudgmental, caring presence
“Practice of nursing” means
autonomous and collaborative care of persons of all ages, families, groups, and communities, sick and safety, including prevention and treatment of illness and management of changes throughout a person’s life
What is the purpose of evidence-based practice?
to improve patient outcomes and quality of care by using the best available evidence to guide clinical decisions
First “practicing” epidemiologist?
Florence Nightingale
Founded the Red Cross
Clara Barton
Volunteered as a nurse in the Civil War
Walt Whitman
Advocated for patients suffering of mental health disorders and served as a superintendent of nurses for the Union army
Dorothea Dix
First professionally trained African-American Nurse and founded the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses.
Mary Mahoney
Demonstrated the need for autonomy in practice and brought awareness to the plight of people and children living in poverty
Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster
A Chinese nurse provided care to anyone regardless of affiliation and background during WWII.
Kang Cheng
The individual who first coined the term “NURSING PROCESS” and introduced its three steps - Observation, Ministration, and Validation - is:
Lynda Hall
Best known for her Nursing Need Theory, which defines nursing as assisting individuals in performing activities contributing to health or recovery (or a peaceful death).
Virginia Henderson
She was known for her Theory of Human Caring, which emphasizes the importance of caring in the nursing profession.
Jean Watson
In the process of setting achievable goals, what should a nurse consider?
A. Relies solely on standardized care plans without customization.
B. Develops goals grounded in their own expertise.
C. Ensures the patient is both physically and emotionally stable.
D. Understands the available resources from the healthcare facility, the patient’s family, and the patient themselves.
D. Understands the available resources from the healthcare facility, the patient’s family, and the patient themselves.
Appropriately developed, patient-focused objectives ought to:
A. Take into account rehabilitation requirements.
B. Incorporate preventative healthcare measures.
C. All of the choices.
D. Address the immediate needs of the patient.
C. All of the choices.
