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Anatomy > Introduction to the nervous system > Flashcards

Introduction to the nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two ways of classifying the nervous system

A

According to stucture and according to function

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2
Q

What two things can the nervous system be broken up into when classifying it structurally

A

The central and peripheral nervous system

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3
Q

What two things does the central nervous system consist of when classifying the nervous system structurally

A

the brain and spinal chord

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4
Q

What three things does the peripheral nervous system consist of when classifying the nervous system structurally

A
  • cranial nerves
  • spinal nerves
  • ganglia
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5
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there

A

12

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6
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there

A

31

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7
Q

What is a dermatome

A

The area of skin that is supplied by nerve fibres from a single spinal nerve

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8
Q

What is a myotome

A

The mass of muscle supplied by nerve fibres of a spinal nerve

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9
Q

What two things can the nervous system be broken up into when classifying it functionally

A
  • Somatic
  • Autonomic (ANS)
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10
Q

What type of muscle does the somatic nervous system stimulate/control

A

skeletal

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11
Q

What types of muscle does the autonomic nervous system stimulate/control

A

smooth/cardiac

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12
Q

What can the autonomic nervous system be divided up into

A
  • The sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
  • The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
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13
Q

Summarise generally the function of the sympathetic nervous system

A

excitatory

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14
Q

Summarise generally the function of the parasympathetic nervous system

A

conservation and restoration of energy

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15
Q

Basic function of parietal lobe

A

sensory, language processing, spatial awareness

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16
Q

Basic function of occipital lobe

A

vision, face recognition

17
Q

Basic function of temporal lobe

A

hearing

18
Q

Basic function of frontal lobe

A

motor, personality, decision-making, social skills, speech production, executive functions, attention and problem solving.

19
Q

Location of the spinal cord

A
  • Lies within vertebral canal
  • Extends from medulla oblongata to the level of the first lumbar vertebrae
20
Q

What five regions can the spinal cord be divided into

A
  • cervical
  • thoracic
  • lumbar
  • sacral
  • coccygeal
21
Q

Where does the spinal cord appear greater in size and why

A
  • cervical and lumbar regions
  • these regions are associated with the numerous nerves that transmit sensory and motor innervation to the upper and lower limbs
22
Q

how many pairs of nerves are there in the cervical region of the spinal cord

A

8

23
Q

how many pairs of nerves are there in the thoracic region of the spinal cord

A

12

24
Q

how many pairs of nerves are there in the lumbar region of the spinal cord

A

5

25
Q

how many pairs of nerves are there in the sacrum region of the spinal cord

A

5

26
Q

how many pairs of nerves are there in the coccygeal region of the spinal cord

A

1

27
Q

what does the lateral fissure separate

A

temporal lobes from the frontal and parietal lobes

28
Q

what does the central sulcus separate

A

frontal lobes from parietal lobes

29
Q

what does the brain consist of structurally

A
  • cerebrum
  • diencephalon
  • brain stem
  • cerebellum
30
Q

What can the cerebrum be further divided into

A
  • left and right hemisphere
  • frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal lobes
31
Q

What can the diencephalon be divided into

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

32
Q

What can the brain stem be divided into

A
  • midbrain
  • pons
  • medulla oblongata
33
Q

three key reasons why the brainstem is important

A
  1. contains fibres which transmit information between the spinal cord and brain and vice versa
  2. contains centres which contain vital processes such as respiration and circulation
  3. contains the nerve cell bodies of many cranial nerves
34
Q

Basic function of the thalamus

A

relay station of all incoming motor and sensory information

35
Q

Basic function of the hypothalamus

A

produces hormones that control key things such as body temperature, heart rate and hunger

Anatomy (6 decks)

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