Introduction to the Neck and Skull

Question 1

Hard structures of the neck:

Answer 1

1. Seven cervical vertebrae
2. Cartilages of the Larynx and trachea
3. Hyoid bone

Question 2

Describe the Atlas:

Answer 2

C1
Actions: Articulates with base of skull; involved in nodding of head

Very fragile and delicate; holds up vertebrae of head

Question 3

Describe the Axis:

Answer 3

C2
Action: Rotation of head; movement between C1 and C2

Has a posterior articular facet for the transverse ligament of atlas

Question 4

Describe the Hyoid bone;

Answer 4

Holds airway open
Fraction may lead to suffocation
Stylohyoid attaches to the lesser horn

Question 5

Superior Neck boundaries:

Answer 5

1. External occipital protuberance (inion)
2. Superior nuchal line
3. Mastoid process
4. Angular tract
5. Inferior border of mandible
6. Mental symphysis

Question 6

Inferior neck boundaries:

Answer 6

1. Spine of C7
2. Spine of scapula
3. Acromion
4. Clavicle
5. Manubrium of Sternum

Question 7

Posterior neck boundaries:

Answer 7

Vertebral column

Question 8

Anterior neck boundaries:

Answer 8

Midline structures
Superior to inferior: Hard structures and soft tissues that connect
1. Mental symphysis of mandible- Myeloid m connects them
2. Hyoid bone: Thyrohyoid membrane
3. Thyroid cartilage: Cricothyroid membrane
4. Cricoid cartilage: Cricotracheal membrane
5. Tracheal rings
6. Manubrium

Question 9

Boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture (Thoracic inlet):

Answer 9

• Manubrium of the sternum
• First ribs
• First thoracic vertebrae

Question 10

Structures associated w/ or passing through the superior thoracic aperture:

Answer 10

1. Right and left brachiocephalic veins (formed by subclavian and internal jugular veins)
2. Branches of the arch of the aorta: (Common carotid, Subclavian, Vertebral, Thyrocervical trunk, Internal thoracic)
3. Apices of lung
4. Trachea
5. Esophagus
6. Thoracic Duct
7. Vagus N
8. Recurrent laryngeal N
9. Phrenic N
10. Sympathetic trunks
11. Vertebral column and deep back muscles

Question 11

Cranium:

Answer 11

Houses the brain

1. Frontal
2. Sphenoid
3. Temporal
4. Parietal
5. Occipital
6. Ethmoid (Not visible from lateral view)

Question 12

Facial Skeleton:

Answer 12

1. Zygoma
2. Maxilla
3. Nasal bones
4. Mandbile
5. Palatine bone (not visible from lateral view)

Question 13

Review all the landmarks

Answer 13

16 in total

Question 14

Wormian Bones (Structural bone):

Answer 14

Are circumscribed areas of bone seen along sutures of the skull where flat bones come together