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Head and Neck Anatomy > Introduction to the Neck > Flashcards

Introduction to the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

The platysma is located in what kind of tissue?

A

Superficial fascia

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2
Q

Investing fascia will:

A

attach to the boundaries of the neck and forms a sleeve.

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3
Q

Superficial fascia is:

A

Continuous throughout body

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4
Q

CN I:

A

Olfactory- Smell

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5
Q

CN II:

A

Optic- Sight

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6
Q

CN III:

A

Occulomotor- movement of extrinsic eye muscles

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7
Q

CN IV:

A

Trochlear-

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8
Q

CN V:

A

Trigeminal- Sensation to face, Oral cavity and movement of muscles of mastication

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9
Q

CN VI:

A

Abducens

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10
Q

CN VII:

A

Facial– motor to muscles of face, taste, parasympathetic to salivary glands

Innervates muscles of facial expression.

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11
Q

CN VIII:

A

Vestibulochochlear– hearing and balance

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12
Q

CN IX:

A

Glossopharyngeal- Sensation to throat and tongue, taste, parasympathetic to salivary glands

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13
Q

CN X:

A

Vagus: Motor to throat and parasympathetic to thorax and abdomen

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14
Q

CN XI:

A

Accessory

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15
Q

CN XII:

A

Hypoglossal- Motor to tongue muscles

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16
Q

Describe the Sternocleidomastoid:

A
  • 2 heads
  • Inserts on mastoid process
  • Action: Bilateral flexion of neck. Will turn head towards opposite
  • Innervated by CN XI (Accessory N.)
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17
Q

Describe the Trapezius:

A

Innervated by CN XI ( Accessory N.)

- Insert: spine of snap, acromina, lateral clavicle

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18
Q

Give an overview of the Suprathyroid muscles:

A

They attach to mandible and help elevate hyoid bone. Include:

  • Mylohyoid
  • Glenohyoid
  • Stylohyoid
  • Digastric
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19
Q

Describe Mylohyoid:

A

Innervated by myoid N. (V3)

  • Makes up the floor of the oral cavity
  • Muscle fibers run horizontally
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20
Q

Describe the Glenohyoid:

A

Innervated by 1st cervical N. (C1): Elevates hyoid bone

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21
Q

Describe the Stylohyoid:

A

Innervated by CN XII (Facial N)- Is not a muscle of facial expression

22
Q

Describe the Digastric:

A

Posterior: Extends posteriorly to mastoid process: Innervated by facial N

Anterior: Midline mandible to tendon: innervated by V3

  • CT holds both down to hyoid bone
23
Q

Give an overview of the Infrahyoid Muscles:

A

Strap muscles; depress hyoid bone. Includes:

  • Sternohyoid
  • omohyoid
  • sternothyroid
  • Thyrohyoid
24
Q

Sternohyoid:

A

Innervated by Ansa Cervicalus

25
Q

Omohyoid:

A

Slightly lateral to sternohyoid. Has two bellies. Hyoid to clavicle (OMO=Shoulder)
- Innervated by Ansa Cervicalus

26
Q

Sternothyroid:

A

Attach to thyroid cartilage. Innervated by the Ansa Cervicalus

27
Q

Thyrohyoid:

A

Thyroid Cartilage to hyoid bone; Innervated by C1

28
Q

What is a Raphe

A

Line between two myloids

29
Q

Boundaries and contents of the Muscular Triangle:

A

Boundaries: (will have a left and right)

  • Sternocleidomastiod
  • Superior belly of the omohyoid
  • Midline

Contents:

  • Strap muscles (Sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, Thyrohyoid)
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Thyroid gland (C5-T1)
  • Parathyroid glands
  • Esophagus
  • Branches of the Ansa cervicalis
  • Superior thyroid artery and veion
  • Inferior thyroid vein (Inferior thyroid arteries not included)
  • Anterior jugular
  • Lymph nodes
30
Q

Boundaries and Contents of the Submental triangle:

A

Boundaries:

  • Anterior belly of right digastric
  • Anterior belly of left digastric
  • Body of the hyoid

Contents:

  • Anterior Jugular Vein
  • Submental lymph nodes (Should palpate for in exam)
31
Q

Boundaries and contents of the Carotid Triangle:

A

Boundaries:

  • Sternocleidomastoid: Innervated by CNXI
  • Posterior belly digastric: Innervated by CN VII
  • Superior belly of omohyoid: Innervated by Ansa cervicalis

Contents:

  • Arteries: Common carotid arter w/ bifurcation at C3, Internal carotid artery, External carotid artery
  • Veins: Internal Jugular vein, common facial vein, lingual vein, superior thyroid vein, middle thyroid vein
  • Nerves: Vagus, Internal and external laryngeal nerve branches, Accessory, Hypoglossal, Ansa Cervicalis
  • Visceral structures: Larynx, Thyroid
32
Q

What are the three branches of the Trigeminal N.

A
  1. Ophthalmic n (V1)
  2. Maxillary N (V2)
  3. Mandibular N (V3)
33
Q

Boundaries of the Submandibular Triangle:

A

Boundaries:

  • Anterior: Anterior belly of digastric muscle (V3)
  • Posterior: Posterior belly of digastric (XII)
  • Superior: Inferior border of the body of the mandible

Floor:

  • Mylohyoid: Origin: mylohyoid line of the mandible; Insertion: Midline raphe from chin to body of hyoid bone
  • Hypoglossus (Hypoglassal N XII): Origin: Grater horn of hyoid bone; Insertion: Lateral surface of the tongue
  • Middle constrictor: Forms part of the throat. Origin: Greater horn of hyoid and stylohyoid ligament; Insertion: into muscle of other side at midline raphe
34
Q

Submandibular Triangle contents:

A
  • Stylohyoid muscle (will split)
  • Submandibular gland
  • Submandibular lymph nodes
  • Facial Artery (under posterior digastric and over submandibular gland): Major branch: Submental artery (to anterior digastric) Supplies blood to submandibular gland and face
  • Facial Vein: Will cross submandble very superficially and will be very straight
  • Hypoglossal N: Lies on hypoglossal M. and under mylogyoid
  • Mylohyoid N: Crosses parallel to submental A.

Note: Lingual N. and lingual A. are never located near each other.

35
Q

The External occipital protuberance (Inion):

A

Part of trapezius attachment

36
Q

Superior nuchal line:

A

Attachment of trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

37
Q

Mastoid process of temporal bone:

A

Attachment of SCM

38
Q

Foramen magnum:

A

(Big hole) transmits spinal cord and vertebral arteries

39
Q

Jugular Forament:

A

Starting point of internal jugular vein; IX, X and XI pass through there

40
Q

Carotid canal:

A

Passage of internal carotid artery

41
Q

Occipital condyles:

A

Articulation with atlas (C1)

42
Q

Hypoglossal canal:

A

For XII

43
Q

Styloid process:

A

Attachment for three muscles (all start with stylo)

44
Q

Stylomastoid foramen:

A

Located between styloid and mastoid processes, transmits VII

45
Q

Zygomatic arch:

A

Muscle attachments and helps form cheek

46
Q

Glenoid Fossa:

A

Position of mandibular condyle at rest

47
Q

Articular eminence:

A

Articulates with mandibular condyle in functional movements

48
Q

Articular tubercle:

A

Attachment of lateral ligament of TMJ

49
Q

Posterior glenwood tubercle:

A

limits posterior movement of condyle

50
Q

Tympanic plate:

A

Anterior wall of external acoustic meatus

Head and Neck Anatomy (6 decks)

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