Introduction to the Neck Flashcards
The platysma is located in what kind of tissue?
Superficial fascia
Investing fascia will:
attach to the boundaries of the neck and forms a sleeve.
Superficial fascia is:
Continuous throughout body
CN I:
Olfactory- Smell
CN II:
Optic- Sight
CN III:
Occulomotor- movement of extrinsic eye muscles
CN IV:
Trochlear-
CN V:
Trigeminal- Sensation to face, Oral cavity and movement of muscles of mastication
CN VI:
Abducens
CN VII:
Facial– motor to muscles of face, taste, parasympathetic to salivary glands
Innervates muscles of facial expression.
CN VIII:
Vestibulochochlear– hearing and balance
CN IX:
Glossopharyngeal- Sensation to throat and tongue, taste, parasympathetic to salivary glands
CN X:
Vagus: Motor to throat and parasympathetic to thorax and abdomen
CN XI:
Accessory
CN XII:
Hypoglossal- Motor to tongue muscles
Describe the Sternocleidomastoid:
- 2 heads
- Inserts on mastoid process
- Action: Bilateral flexion of neck. Will turn head towards opposite
- Innervated by CN XI (Accessory N.)
Describe the Trapezius:
Innervated by CN XI ( Accessory N.)
- Insert: spine of snap, acromina, lateral clavicle
Give an overview of the Suprathyroid muscles:
They attach to mandible and help elevate hyoid bone. Include:
- Mylohyoid
- Glenohyoid
- Stylohyoid
- Digastric
Describe Mylohyoid:
Innervated by myoid N. (V3)
- Makes up the floor of the oral cavity
- Muscle fibers run horizontally
Describe the Glenohyoid:
Innervated by 1st cervical N. (C1): Elevates hyoid bone
Describe the Stylohyoid:
Innervated by CN XII (Facial N)- Is not a muscle of facial expression
Describe the Digastric:
Posterior: Extends posteriorly to mastoid process: Innervated by facial N
Anterior: Midline mandible to tendon: innervated by V3
- CT holds both down to hyoid bone
Give an overview of the Infrahyoid Muscles:
Strap muscles; depress hyoid bone. Includes:
- Sternohyoid
- omohyoid
- sternothyroid
- Thyrohyoid
Sternohyoid:
Innervated by Ansa Cervicalus
Omohyoid:
Slightly lateral to sternohyoid. Has two bellies. Hyoid to clavicle (OMO=Shoulder)
- Innervated by Ansa Cervicalus
Sternothyroid:
Attach to thyroid cartilage. Innervated by the Ansa Cervicalus
Thyrohyoid:
Thyroid Cartilage to hyoid bone; Innervated by C1
What is a Raphe
Line between two myloids
Boundaries and contents of the Muscular Triangle:
Boundaries: (will have a left and right)
- Sternocleidomastiod
- Superior belly of the omohyoid
- Midline
Contents:
- Strap muscles (Sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, Thyrohyoid)
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Thyroid gland (C5-T1)
- Parathyroid glands
- Esophagus
- Branches of the Ansa cervicalis
- Superior thyroid artery and veion
- Inferior thyroid vein (Inferior thyroid arteries not included)
- Anterior jugular
- Lymph nodes
Boundaries and Contents of the Submental triangle:
Boundaries:
- Anterior belly of right digastric
- Anterior belly of left digastric
- Body of the hyoid
Contents:
- Anterior Jugular Vein
- Submental lymph nodes (Should palpate for in exam)
Boundaries and contents of the Carotid Triangle:
Boundaries:
- Sternocleidomastoid: Innervated by CNXI
- Posterior belly digastric: Innervated by CN VII
- Superior belly of omohyoid: Innervated by Ansa cervicalis
Contents:
- Arteries: Common carotid arter w/ bifurcation at C3, Internal carotid artery, External carotid artery
- Veins: Internal Jugular vein, common facial vein, lingual vein, superior thyroid vein, middle thyroid vein
- Nerves: Vagus, Internal and external laryngeal nerve branches, Accessory, Hypoglossal, Ansa Cervicalis
- Visceral structures: Larynx, Thyroid
What are the three branches of the Trigeminal N.
- Ophthalmic n (V1)
- Maxillary N (V2)
- Mandibular N (V3)
Boundaries of the Submandibular Triangle:
Boundaries:
- Anterior: Anterior belly of digastric muscle (V3)
- Posterior: Posterior belly of digastric (XII)
- Superior: Inferior border of the body of the mandible
Floor:
- Mylohyoid: Origin: mylohyoid line of the mandible; Insertion: Midline raphe from chin to body of hyoid bone
- Hypoglossus (Hypoglassal N XII): Origin: Grater horn of hyoid bone; Insertion: Lateral surface of the tongue
- Middle constrictor: Forms part of the throat. Origin: Greater horn of hyoid and stylohyoid ligament; Insertion: into muscle of other side at midline raphe
Submandibular Triangle contents:
- Stylohyoid muscle (will split)
- Submandibular gland
- Submandibular lymph nodes
- Facial Artery (under posterior digastric and over submandibular gland): Major branch: Submental artery (to anterior digastric) Supplies blood to submandibular gland and face
- Facial Vein: Will cross submandble very superficially and will be very straight
- Hypoglossal N: Lies on hypoglossal M. and under mylogyoid
- Mylohyoid N: Crosses parallel to submental A.
Note: Lingual N. and lingual A. are never located near each other.
The External occipital protuberance (Inion):
Part of trapezius attachment
Superior nuchal line:
Attachment of trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
Mastoid process of temporal bone:
Attachment of SCM
Foramen magnum:
(Big hole) transmits spinal cord and vertebral arteries
Jugular Forament:
Starting point of internal jugular vein; IX, X and XI pass through there
Carotid canal:
Passage of internal carotid artery
Occipital condyles:
Articulation with atlas (C1)
Hypoglossal canal:
For XII
Styloid process:
Attachment for three muscles (all start with stylo)
Stylomastoid foramen:
Located between styloid and mastoid processes, transmits VII
Zygomatic arch:
Muscle attachments and helps form cheek
Glenoid Fossa:
Position of mandibular condyle at rest
Articular eminence:
Articulates with mandibular condyle in functional movements
Articular tubercle:
Attachment of lateral ligament of TMJ
Posterior glenwood tubercle:
limits posterior movement of condyle
Tympanic plate:
Anterior wall of external acoustic meatus
