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hcb 102 > Introduction to the Human Body > Flashcards

Introduction to the Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

How much of our medical terminology is estimated to be Greek?

A

3/4 (75%)

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2
Q

Medical words may be composed of _____, _______ and ______

A

Roots, prefixes, and/or suffixes

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3
Q

What term describes medical words in which two or more whole words are combined?

A

Compounds

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4
Q

What are the foundations of words that are usually not used by themselves?

A

Roots

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5
Q

Brocho/pulmo

A

lungs

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6
Q

Cardi

A

heart

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7
Q

Gastro

A

stomach

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8
Q

Hepat

A

liver

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9
Q

Neur

A

nerve

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10
Q

Nas

A

nose

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11
Q

Or

A

Mouth/oral

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12
Q

Pneumo

A

Air or lungs

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13
Q

What are added to the beginning of roots or words to modify the meaning of the word?

A

Prefixes

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14
Q

Ab

A

Away from

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15
Q

Ad

A

Increase, adherence, toward

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16
Q

Ante

A

Before

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17
Q

Brady

A

Slow

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18
Q

Contra

A

Against

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19
Q

Dys

A

Difficult or painful

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20
Q

Hyper

A

Above normal, high

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21
Q

Hypo

A

Below normal, low

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22
Q

Inter

A

between

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23
Q

Peri

A

around

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24
Q

Poly

A

many

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25
Q

Post

A

after, behind

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26
Q

Pre

A

before

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27
Q

Super/Supra

A

Above or in excess

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28
Q

Sym, Syn

A

Joined together, with

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29
Q

Tachy

A

Fast

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30
Q

Uni

A

one

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31
Q

What term describes an ending that follows a root word that may be in a noun form or an adjective form?

A

Suffix

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32
Q

Algia

A

pain

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33
Q

al

A

pertaining to

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34
Q

emesis

A

Vomiting

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35
Q

itis

A

inflammation

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36
Q

ology

A

stud of

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37
Q

plegia

A

paralysis

38
Q

pnea

A

breathing

39
Q

rrhea

A

discharge

40
Q

spasm

A

contraction

41
Q

ist

A

one who specializes in

42
Q

What term describes an abbreviation made up of initials that can be pronounced as a word?

A

Acronyms

43
Q

What term describes the study of body structures and the relation of one part to another?

A

Anatomy

44
Q

What term describes the study of how the body works and how the various parts function individually and in relation to each other?

A

Physiology

45
Q

Describe anatomical position

A

standing erect with feet together, and face, eyes, and palms of the hands directed forward

46
Q

what are the two vertical planes?

A

coronal (frontal) and Sagittal

47
Q

Which body plane passes from one side to the other,?

A

frontal

48
Q

Which body plane lies in the mid-line and divides the body into right and left halves?

A

Mid-sagittal

49
Q

What are the six structural levels in the body that work together to create the whole body?

A 
Chemical
Cellular
Tissue 
Organ
System
Organismal
50
Q

Which structural level can be described as the beginning level of organization of the body?

A

Chemical Level

51
Q

Which structural level consists of the smallest and most numerous structural units that posses and exhibit the basic characteristics of living matter?

A

Cellular level

52
Q

Which structural level can be described as a group of many similar cells that all develop together from the same part of an embryo and all perform a certain function?

A

Tissue level

53
Q

What are the four types of tissue?

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

54
Q

Which type of tissue forms the outer covering of the body and is known as the free surface of the skin?

A

Epithelial

55
Q

Which type of tissue forms the lining of different body systems?

A

Epithelial

56
Q

What type of tissue can be described as supporting tissue of various structures of the body?

A

Connective

57
Q

What type of tissue is the most widespread in the body?

A

Connective

58
Q

What type of tissue surrounds other cells, encases joints, and provides the supporting framework of the body?

A

Connective

59
Q

What type of tissue provides for all body movement?

A

Muscular

60
Q

What are the three types of muscular tissue?

A

Skeletal, smooth and cardiac

61
Q

What type of tissue is the most complex?

A

Nervous

62
Q

Which structural level can be described as the chemical structures organized within larger units to perform a specific function?

A

Organ level

63
Q

Which structural level is the most complex of the organizational units of the body?

A

System level

64
Q

Which structural level describes a collection of interactive parts that are capable of surviving gin hostile environments with the ability to reproduce and repair damaged parts?

A

Organismal level

65
Q

What are the the characteristics of living matter?

A

Digestion
Metabolism
Homeostasis

66
Q

What term involves the physical and chemical breakdown of food into simplest form?

A

Digestion

67
Q

What is the process of absorption, storage and use foods for body growth, maintenance and repair?

A

Metabolism

68
Q

What is the body’s self regulated control of its internal environment?

A

Homeostasis

69
Q

List the anatomy of the upper airway

A

Nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, epiglottis, esophagus, vocal cords

70
Q

What term describes the part of the digestive and respiratory tracts situated between the cavity of the mouth and the esophagus?

A

Pharynx

71
Q

What is the modified upper part of the respiratory passage of air breathing vertebrates that is bounded above by the glottis?

A

Larynx

72
Q

What term describes a thin lamella of yellow elastic cartilage that ordinarily projects upward behind the tongue and just in front of the glottis?

A

Epiglottis

73
Q

What term describes a muscular tube that passes from the pharynx down the neck between the trachea and the spinal column?

A

Esophagus

74
Q

What term describes the structure where sound is produced by the passage of air?

A

Vocal Cord

75
Q

What are the structures of the lower airway?

A

Trachea, Bronchi, Respiratory unit

76
Q

Which ribs make up the true ribs?

A

upper seven pairs

77
Q

Which ribs make up the false ribs?

A

pairs 8-12

78
Q

Which ribs make up the floating ribs?

A

11 and 12

79
Q

What are the three parts of the sternum?

A

Manubrium, body and Xiphoid process

80
Q

What are the two layers of the pleura?

A

Visceral and parietal layer

81
Q

Which layer of the pleura covers the surface of the lungs?

A

Visceral

82
Q

Which layer of the pleura covers the lateral aspect of the mediastinum, the upper surface of the diaphragm and the inner aspect of the chest wall?

A

Parietal layer

83
Q

What makes up the mediastinum?

A

Heart, great vessels, trachea and esophagus

84
Q

How many bones are in the skull?

A

28

85
Q

How many bones make up the facial bones?

A

14 stationary and one mobile

86
Q

What are the structures of the external eye?

A

Eyelid, Conjunctiva, Lacrimal gland, eye muscles, and Bony orbit

87
Q

What are the structures of the internal eye?

A

Sclera, cornea, Iris, Pupil, Retina, Optic disc

88
Q

What term describes the anterior outer layer of the sclera?

A

Cornea

89
Q

What term describes the circular, pigmented muscular structure that gives the color?

A

Iris

90
Q

What is the most powerful refractive surface of the eye?

A

Cornea

91
Q

What are the three ossicles of the middle ear?

A

Malleus, Incus(anvil), Stapes

hcb 102 (7 decks)

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