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hcb 102 > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest artery in the body that transports blood from the left ventricle to the systemic circulation?

A

Aorta

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2
Q

What is the artery of the lower arm that is felt when taking the pulse at the thumb side of the wrist?

A

Radial

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3
Q

What is the major artery supplying the leg?

A

Femoral

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4
Q

What is the artery located behind the knee?

A

Poplilteal

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5
Q

What is the artery supplying the foot behind the medial ankle?

A

Posterior Tibial

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6
Q

What is the Artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe?

A

Dorsalis Pedis

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7
Q

What are the two major veins that return blood from the body to the right atrium?

A

Vena Cava

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8
Q

What is the vein that empties directly into the superior vena cava and reflects the activity of the right side of the heart?

A

Jugular

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9
Q

What is the common site of intravenous catheter insertion in the antecubital space?

A

Median Basilic

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10
Q

What encloses the heart?

A

pericardium

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11
Q

What are the three layers of the heart?

A

epicardium, myocardium and endocardium

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12
Q

What valve between the right atria and right venticle?

A

Tricuspid valve

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13
Q

Where does the right atrium receive blood from?

A

Superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus

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14
Q

Which part of the heart forms the most anterior surface of the heart?

A

right ventricle

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15
Q

What forms the apex of the heart?

A

Left venticle

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16
Q

Which valves prevent blood flow form the venticles back into the atria?

A

Atrioventricular valves (Tricuspid and Mitral/Bicuspid)

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17
Q

Which valves allow ejection of blood from the heart into the arteries but prevent back flow of blood into the ventricles?

A

Semilunar (Pulmonic/Aoritc)

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18
Q

Which component in the blood contains dissolved nutrients and carries certain crucial proteins such as clotting factors?

A

Plasma

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19
Q

Which component of the blood contains specialized molecules called hemoglobin that bind to oxygen and are responsible for oxygen delivery to the cells?

A

Red Blood Cells

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20
Q

What component of the blood fights infection by destroying microorganisms and produce antibodies to resist infection and protect the body from disease?

A

White Blood Cells

21
Q

What component of the blood forms clots?

A

Platelets

22
Q

What branch of the nervous system plays a major role in controlling vessel diameter?

A

Autonomic nervous system

23
Q

Which branch of the Autonomic nervous system prepares the body to expend energy which allows the blood vessels to constrict?

A

Sympathetic

24
Q

Which branch on the autonomic nervous system allows blood vessels to return to a relaxed state?

A

Parasympathetic

25
Q

Approximately how many miles of blood vessels does the heart circulate blood through?

A

75,000 miles

26
Q

Which circulatory system pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs out into the vessels of the body?

A

Systemic

27
Q

Which circulatory system receives deoxygenated blood from the body and sends it to the lungs for oxygenation?

A

Pulmonary

28
Q

What are the components of the conduction system?

A 
Sinoatrial node (pacemaker)
Atrioventricular node
Atriventricular bundle (budle of his)
Right and left bundle branches
conduction myofibers (Purkinje finbers)
29
Q

Deoxygenated blood from what region of the body drains into the right atrium via the superior vena cava?

A

head
neck
upper limbs

30
Q

Deoxygenated blood from what regions of the body drain into the right atrium via the inferior vena cava?

A

abdomen
pelvis
lower limbs

31
Q

What creates S1?

A

Closure of the atrioventricular valves

32
Q

What creates S2?

A

Closure of the Semilunar valves

33
Q

What are the slender fibrous threads that connect the valve cusps to the papillary muscles?

A

Chordae tendineae

34
Q

What part of the heart makes up a substantial part of the apex?

A

Left ventricle

35
Q

What percentage of the body is made of water?

A

60%

36
Q

What are the three spaces water is divided into?

A

Intacellular (70%)
Intravascular (5%)
Interstitial (25%)

37
Q

When conducting a cardiovascular assessment, what are some things you should inspect for?

A

Cyanosis
Capillary refill time
Skin Turgor
Edema

38
Q

When conducting a cardiovascular assessment what are some things you should notice while palpating?

A

whether skin is warm, pink and dry vs pale and clammy

Palpate peripheral or central pulse, noting quality, regularity and symmetry

39
Q

Where should you auscultate the heart?

A

at the apex in the fifth left intercostal space at the midclavicular line

40
Q

What are some conditions that may result in anemia?

A

Trauma, sudden massive bleeding, heavy menstrual period, or GI blood loss

41
Q

What term describes an lack of normal number of RBCs?

A

anemia

42
Q

What is the emergency care fro a patient with sickle cell anemia?

A

Administer oxygen, monitor patients with high fever for signs of hypoperfusion and treat for shock as necessary

43
Q

What term describes conditions that block or narrow the arteries of the heart?

A

Coronary Artery Disease

44
Q

What term describes a clot that breaks off into circulation?

A

embolism

45
Q

What are the risk factors for CAD?

A 
Hypertension
Obesity
Lack of Exercise
Elevated cholesterol and triglycerides
Cigarette smoking
46
Q

What term refers to anytime the heart may not be getting enough blood?

A

Acute Coronary syndrome

47
Q

What are some late signs of shock?

A

Drop in BP, thirst, dilated pupils, cyanosis

48
Q

What are the classic symptoms of hypovolemic shock?

A

Neck veins are flat
Mucous membranes are dry
Extremities are cold

49
Q

What are the classic symptoms of cardiogenic shock?

A

JVD
Mucous membranes are moist
Extremities are cold

hcb 102 (7 decks)

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