Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is the largest artery in the body that transports blood from the left ventricle to the systemic circulation?
Aorta
What is the artery of the lower arm that is felt when taking the pulse at the thumb side of the wrist?
Radial
What is the major artery supplying the leg?
Femoral
What is the artery located behind the knee?
Poplilteal
What is the artery supplying the foot behind the medial ankle?
Posterior Tibial
What is the Artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe?
Dorsalis Pedis
What are the two major veins that return blood from the body to the right atrium?
Vena Cava
What is the vein that empties directly into the superior vena cava and reflects the activity of the right side of the heart?
Jugular
What is the common site of intravenous catheter insertion in the antecubital space?
Median Basilic
What encloses the heart?
pericardium
What are the three layers of the heart?
epicardium, myocardium and endocardium
What valve between the right atria and right venticle?
Tricuspid valve
Where does the right atrium receive blood from?
Superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus
Which part of the heart forms the most anterior surface of the heart?
right ventricle
What forms the apex of the heart?
Left venticle
Which valves prevent blood flow form the venticles back into the atria?
Atrioventricular valves (Tricuspid and Mitral/Bicuspid)
Which valves allow ejection of blood from the heart into the arteries but prevent back flow of blood into the ventricles?
Semilunar (Pulmonic/Aoritc)
Which component in the blood contains dissolved nutrients and carries certain crucial proteins such as clotting factors?
Plasma
Which component of the blood contains specialized molecules called hemoglobin that bind to oxygen and are responsible for oxygen delivery to the cells?
Red Blood Cells
What component of the blood fights infection by destroying microorganisms and produce antibodies to resist infection and protect the body from disease?
White Blood Cells
What component of the blood forms clots?
Platelets
What branch of the nervous system plays a major role in controlling vessel diameter?
Autonomic nervous system
Which branch of the Autonomic nervous system prepares the body to expend energy which allows the blood vessels to constrict?
Sympathetic
Which branch on the autonomic nervous system allows blood vessels to return to a relaxed state?
Parasympathetic
Approximately how many miles of blood vessels does the heart circulate blood through?
75,000 miles
Which circulatory system pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs out into the vessels of the body?
Systemic
Which circulatory system receives deoxygenated blood from the body and sends it to the lungs for oxygenation?
Pulmonary
What are the components of the conduction system?
Sinoatrial node (pacemaker) Atrioventricular node Atriventricular bundle (budle of his) Right and left bundle branches conduction myofibers (Purkinje finbers)
Deoxygenated blood from what region of the body drains into the right atrium via the superior vena cava?
head
neck
upper limbs
Deoxygenated blood from what regions of the body drain into the right atrium via the inferior vena cava?
abdomen
pelvis
lower limbs
What creates S1?
Closure of the atrioventricular valves
What creates S2?
Closure of the Semilunar valves
What are the slender fibrous threads that connect the valve cusps to the papillary muscles?
Chordae tendineae
What part of the heart makes up a substantial part of the apex?
Left ventricle
What percentage of the body is made of water?
60%
What are the three spaces water is divided into?
Intacellular (70%)
Intravascular (5%)
Interstitial (25%)
When conducting a cardiovascular assessment, what are some things you should inspect for?
Cyanosis
Capillary refill time
Skin Turgor
Edema
When conducting a cardiovascular assessment what are some things you should notice while palpating?
whether skin is warm, pink and dry vs pale and clammy
Palpate peripheral or central pulse, noting quality, regularity and symmetry
Where should you auscultate the heart?
at the apex in the fifth left intercostal space at the midclavicular line
What are some conditions that may result in anemia?
Trauma, sudden massive bleeding, heavy menstrual period, or GI blood loss
What term describes an lack of normal number of RBCs?
anemia
What is the emergency care fro a patient with sickle cell anemia?
Administer oxygen, monitor patients with high fever for signs of hypoperfusion and treat for shock as necessary
What term describes conditions that block or narrow the arteries of the heart?
Coronary Artery Disease
What term describes a clot that breaks off into circulation?
embolism
What are the risk factors for CAD?
Hypertension Obesity Lack of Exercise Elevated cholesterol and triglycerides Cigarette smoking
What term refers to anytime the heart may not be getting enough blood?
Acute Coronary syndrome
What are some late signs of shock?
Drop in BP, thirst, dilated pupils, cyanosis
What are the classic symptoms of hypovolemic shock?
Neck veins are flat
Mucous membranes are dry
Extremities are cold
What are the classic symptoms of cardiogenic shock?
JVD
Mucous membranes are moist
Extremities are cold
