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Introduction to Clinical Laboratory > Introduction to the Clinical Laboratory > Flashcards

Introduction to the Clinical Laboratory Flashcards

1
Q

Requisition

A

clinical form to order specific laboratory tests

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2
Q

Report

A

Clinical or special form to write the results of lab tests

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3
Q

Anticoagulant

A

a chemical substance that prevents blood coagulation like EDTA, sodium citrate, heparin, potassium oxalate

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4
Q

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA’88)

A

Federal act regulates all laboratory testing (except research) performed on humans in the U.S. specifies minimum performance standard for clinical laboratory

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5
Q

Accessioning

A

the process by which the specimens are logged in, labeled and assigned identification number of each specimen in the lab.

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6
Q

Point of Care Test (POCT)

A

testing outside the laboratory setting, like bedside testing, near patient testing

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7
Q

Proficiency Testing (PT)

A

program in which laboratory accuracy in performing analysis is evaluated at regular intervals and compared to the performance of similar laboratory

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8
Q

Quality Assessment (QA)

A

program monitors the total testing process with the aim of providing the highest quality patient care

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9
Q

Reference Laboratory

A

an independent regional laboratory that offers routine and specialized testing services to hospitals and physicians

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10
Q

Waived Test

A

a category of test defined under CLIA 88 as being simple to perform and having an insignificant risk of error

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11
Q

Medical Science

A

is the science which deals with the treatment of diseases

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12
Q

Medical Technology

A

Consists of the services rendered to patients by the performance of tests in a medical laboratory

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13
Q

Medical Laboratory Technologist (MLT)

A

means a person who, under general supervision, performs tests that require the exercise of independent judgement

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14
Q

Medical Laboratory Technician (Laboratory Assistant) (MLA)

A

person who, under direct supervision, performs laboratory tests which require basic technical skill and knowledge and do not require the exercise of independent judgement

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15
Q

Laboratory Departments (7)

A 
Hematology
Clinical Chemistry
Histology
Microbiology
Immunology (serology)
Blood Bank (immuno-hematology)
Cytology
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16
Q

Hematology Laboratory Department

A

Involves the study of blood and blood forming tissues, includes blood cell counts, identification of cell types, and the clotting ability of the blood.

Most tests are performed on whole blood through coagulation testing is done on plasma

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17
Q

White Blood Cell Count (WBC)

Which lab dept?

A

Hematology

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18
Q

Red Blood Cell (RBC)

Which lab dept?

A

Hematology

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19
Q

Hemoglobin (Hb)

Which Lab dept?

A

Hematology

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20
Q

Hematocrit (Hct or PCV)

Which lab dept?

A

hematology

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21
Q

White blood cell differential (diff)

Which lab dept?

A

hematology

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22
Q

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Which lab dept?

A

hematology

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23
Q

Prothrombin time (PT)

Which lab dept?

A

hematology

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24
Q

Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) or Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT)

Which Lab dept?

A

hematology

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25
Q

Reticulocytes count

Which lab dept?

A

hematology

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26
Q

Clinical Chemistry

A

conducts tests that involve detecting the presence of chemical substances or determining the amount of substances present in body fluids.

Most testing is performed on serum, however whole blood, plasma, urine, feces and other fluids such as CSF may be tested

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27
Q

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Which lab dept?

A

Clinical Chemistry

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28
Q

Glucose

Which lab dept?

A

Clinical chemistry

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29
Q

liver function

Which lab dept?

A

clinical chemistry

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30
Q

Calcium (Ca)

Which lab dept?

A

Clinical chemistry

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31
Q

Phosphorus (P)

Which lab dept?

A

clinical chemistry

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32
Q

Kidney function

Which lab dept?

A

Clinical chemistry

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33
Q

Total protein - Albumin-globulin

Which lab dept?

A

Clinical chemistry

34
Q

Cholesterol

Which lab dept?

A

clinical chemistry

35
Q

Triglycerides

Which lab dept?

A

clinical chemistry

36
Q

uric acid

Which lab dept?

A

clinical chemistry

37
Q 
lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)
Which lab dept?
A

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY

38
Q

bilirubin

Which lab dept?

A

clinical chemistry

39
Q

electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride)

Which lab dept?

A

clinical chemistry

40
Q

LD isoenzymes

Which lab dept?

A

clinical chemistry

41
Q

17-KS

Which lab dept?

A

clinical chemistry

42
Q

HBA1C

Which lab dept?

A

clinical chemistry

43
Q

lipoprotein electrophoresis

Which lab dept?

A

clinical chemistry

44
Q

FOB (fecal occult blood)

Which lab dept?

A

clinic chemistry

45
Q

urinalysis

Which lab dept?

A

in a sub-department of clinical chemistry

46
Q

Histology Laboratory department

A

responsible for the microscopic study of body tissue to detect disease.

Tissue samples from any body part may be examined.

47
Q

Biopsy studies

Which lab dept?

A

histology

48
Q

tissue analysis

Which lab dept?

A

histology

49
Q

Microbiology laboratory department

A

involves the study of micro-organisms, in particular, pathogens that may be present in specimens taken from the body.

Tests may be performed on urine, feces, swabs like urethral or vaginal discharge, blood or other body fluids such as sputum.

50
Q

Culture and susceptibility (C&S) for bacteria

Which lab dept?

A

microbiology

51
Q

ova and parasites (O&P) for detection of worms and other parasites

Which lab dept?

A

microbiology

52
Q

swabs or body fluids for viral detection

Which lab dept?

A

microbiology

53
Q

skin scrapings, nail clippings or sputum for detection of fungi

Which lab dept?

A

microbiology

54
Q

(Immunology) serology department

A

involves studying antigen-antibody reactions to assess the presence of a substance and/or determine the presence of disease.

Tests are usually performed on serum

55
Q

Rheumatoid factor (RA)

Which lab dept?

A

immunology serology

56
Q

hepatitis associated antigen

Which lab dept?

A

immunology serology

57
Q

anti-streptolysin O titter (ASOT)

Which lab dept?

A

immunology serology

58
Q

Serum pregnancy tests

Which lab dept?

A

immunology serology

59
Q

Heterophil antibodies (mono testing)

Which lab dept?

A

immunology serology

60
Q

Transfusion medicine

-Blood bank (immuno-hematology) laboratory department

A

examines the antigen antibody reactions that occur within the red blood cells,

The preferred specimen for testing is clotted blood (red-topped vacuum tube)

61
Q

ABO group

Which lab dept?

A

blood bank (immuno-hematology)

62
Q

Rh typing

Which lab dept?

A

blood bank (immuno-hematology)

63
Q

Rh antibody titter

Which lab dept?

A

blood bank (immuno-hematology)

64
Q

cross match

Which lab dept?

A

blood bank (immu uno-hematology)

65
Q

cold agglutinins

Which lab dept?

A

BLOOD BANK (IMMUNO-HEMATOLOGY)

66
Q

Direct coombs

Which lab dept?

A

blood bank (immuno-hematology)

67
Q

Cytology laboratory department

A

Deals with the detection of abnormal cells found in blood fluids and secretions

68
Q

PAP smear

Which lab dept?

A

cytology

69
Q

chromosome studies

Which lab dept?

A

cytology

70
Q

Requisition form must have the following:

A
  • patient’s health card number and version code
  • patient’s date of birth
  • patient’s phone number
  • patient’s first and last name
  • patient’s gender
  • patient’s address
  • physician’s name and address
  • requisitioning physician’s practitioner number

REQUISITION MUST BE SIGNED AND DATED by the physician, if a rubber stamp is used, handwritten initials of the physician is required

71
Q

Hematocrit (Hct or PCV)

A

the ratio of red blood cells to total volume of whole blood; always presented in %

72
Q

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

A

measures the rate at which RBCs settles at the bottom within an hour

-helps indicate inflammation

73
Q

Prothrombin Time (PT)

A

measures the time it takes blood plasma to clot

74
Q

Partial thromboplastin Time (PTT)

A

a test to assess your body’s ability to form blood clots WITHIN THE INTRINSIC SYSTEM

75
Q

Activated Partial Thromboplastin (APTT)

A

A test to assess your body’s ability to form blood clots WITHIN THE EXTRINSIC SYSTEM

76
Q

International Normalized Ratio(INR)

A

measured by using the prothrombin time test, it is a measurement of how long it takes blood plasma to clot.

-Higher the number, the longer it takes blood to clot.

77
Q

Reticulocytes count

A

blood test that measures how fast red blood cells are developed by the bone marrow

Reticulocytes aka immature RBCs

78
Q

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

A

checks kidney status by measuring the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood.

79
Q

HBAIC

A

measures your average amount of blood glucose in the past 3 months

80
Q

Lipid Profile

A

a panel of blood tests that checks your liver function by measuring cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides.

81
Q

FOB( Fecal Occult Blood)

A

A test that checks for hidden blood in the stool

Introduction to Clinical Laboratory (4 decks)

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