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Introduction to Clinical Laboratory > General Laboratory Equipment > Flashcards

General Laboratory Equipment Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Glass Labware

A

Flint, Soda Lime, Borosilicate, Quartz

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2
Q

Characteristics of Flint

A
  • type of glassware
  • inexpensive
  • disposable
  • not heat resistant
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3
Q

characteristics of Soda Lime

A
  • type of glassware
  • inexpensive,
  • easy to crack or break
  • disposable
  • not heat resistant
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4
Q

characteristics of Borosilicate

A
  • type of glassware
  • nonreactive with most chemicals
  • resistant to rapid temperature changes
  • reusable
  • ir. Pyrex and Kimax
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5
Q

characteristics of Quartz

A

type of glassware

  • or silica glass
  • very expensive
  • used for high precision work
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6
Q

Types of Plastic Labware

A

polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polypropylene

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7
Q

characteristics of Polyethylene

A
  • type of plastic
  • inexpensive
  • good quality
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8
Q

characteristics of Polyvinyl Chloride

A
  • type of plastic
  • highly flexible
  • resistant to most chemicals
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9
Q

characteristics of Polystyrene

A
  • type of plastic
  • poor resistance to organic solvents
  • used for pitrie dishes, test tube
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10
Q

characteristics of Polypropylene

A
  • type of plastic
  • the best one
  • can be autoclaved
  • tough and more resistant to chemical
  • used for disposable pipettes, reagent bottles
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11
Q

Types of Labware

A

bottles, test tubes, beakers, graduated cylinders, flasks

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12
Q

Noncritical measurements

A

measurements that are estimated or approximate

-includes beakers and certain flasks, graduated cylinders and serological pipets

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13
Q

Critical measurements

A

requiring precision and accuracy

-volumetric flasks and volumetric pipets

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14
Q

Characteristics of Test tubes

A
  • hold small volumes
  • most only estimate volumes
  • plastic or glass
  • not calibrated to accurately measure liquids
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15
Q

characteristics of beakers

A
  • wide mouthed, straight-sided containers with a pouring spout
  • flat-bottomed containers with intermediate graduations
  • read volume at meniscus
  • measurements not requiring a high degree of accuracy
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16
Q

Types of Flasks

A

Erlenmeyer, volumetric, florence flasks

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17
Q

Characteristics of Erlenmeyer

A
  • noncritical measurements
  • sloping sided container
  • used to hold, mx and transfer liquids or as reaction vessels
18
Q

Characteristics of volumetric flasks

A
  • critical measurements
  • read meniscus
  • used primarily for preparing solutions requiring a high degree of accuracy
  • calibrated to contain an accurate volume at room temperature
19
Q

characteristics of florence flasks

A
  • round sided container with a short neck
  • used to hold, mix and transfer liquids
  • noncritical volumes
  • also used for distillation techniques
20
Q

Meniscus

A

the curve in the upper surface of a liquid close to the surface of the container or another object, caused by surface tension

21
Q

Cleaning and preparation of bacteriologically dirty glassware

A
  • must be decontaminated by soaking in a disinfectant

- use 30% lysol, 1% hypochlorite or 2% glutaraldehyde

22
Q

Cleaning and preparation of glassware for hematology

A

soaked after use in a suitable detergent and washed and scrubbed thoroughly with a brush in tap water

23
Q

cleaning and preparation of biochemical glassware

A

usually soaked after use for 2-4 hours in a good stripping detergent such as Alconox or Sparkleen

24
Q

Pipets

A

accurately measure out small quantities of liquids with a high degree of precision

25
Q

TD (to deliver)

A

to transfer a specific volume from one vessel to another, to empty their contents completely by gravity flow only

26
Q

TC (to contain)

A

pipettes are emptied of their contents by gravity flow and the pipette must be rinsed of the contents

27
Q

Volumetric pipets

A
  • calibrated to deliver a certain volume at room temperature, used to obtain the most accurate measurements of liquids. It has a bulged portion in the middle
  • critical measurement
  • TD
28
Q

Serological pipets

A
  • graduated marking to the tip, last drop must be forced out by squeezing the rubber safety bulb
  • TC
29
Q

MOHR PIPETTES

A
  • similar in appearance to the serological pipette, but not calibrated to the tip.
  • manufacture to deliver, last drop is not forced out
  • TD
30
Q

Folin-Oswald Pipettes

A

similar in appearance to volumetric pipette, used for viscous(thick) liquids

  • manufactured as a blow out, so last frop must be forced out
  • TC
31
Q

Automatic Pipettors

A

-hand operated, piston type devices with disposable plastic tips which vary in capacity from 1-1000 microliters

32
Q

Correct use of pipettes

A
  1. fill the pipette slightly above fesired volume
  2. wipe the tip with biological wipe or other absorbent material
  3. observe pipette at eye level and set the meniscus by discarding the extra amount of liquid until the bottom of the meniscus is exactly at the desired marking
  4. allow the pipette to drain freely, forcing out the last drop where applicable
33
Q

Cleaning and preparing pipette for use

A
  1. pipettes are soaked in 1% hypochlorite
  2. pipettes are places tip-up in the washer
  3. washed in accordance with their usage and contamination
  4. final rinse of distilled water
  5. the pipettes are then dried in the hot air oven
34
Q

Capillary tubes

A

small hollow glass rods that draw up fluid into their interior by capillary action

  • commonly used for microhematocrit procedures, to collect blood from a skin puncture
  • may be plain or heparinized. a plain capillary tube has a blue ring at one end, a heparinized capillary tube has a red ring at the end
35
Q

checking Quality assessment of equipment and it’s usage involves:

A
  • equipment maintenance program
  • documentation required
  • record service/repair
  • performance checks: temperature and calibration
36
Q

Centrifuge

A

an apparatus used to separate lighter portions of a solution, mixture or suspension from the heavier portions by rotation at an extremely high speed (centrifugal force)

37
Q

Safety protocols when using the centrifuge:

A
  • use approved tubes
  • balance rotor
  • keep tubes capped
  • open after completely stopped
  • clean spills
38
Q

Autoclave uses what kind of sterilization?

A

steam under pressure

39
Q

what temperature does the autoclave start killing microorganisms, spores and bacteria? for how long? and what is the measurement of pressure?

A
  • 121 degrees celsius or 250 degrees fahrenheit
  • for 15 minutes
  • 15 psi
40
Q

Taring

A

-describes the procedure of weighing the boat separately before weighing the boat and the substance together. then the boat weight is subtracted from the total

41
Q

Types of Temperature controlled chambers

A

incubators, refrigerators, freezers and waterbaths

Introduction to Clinical Laboratory (4 decks)

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