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ANATOMY LECTURE > INTRODUCTION TO THE BODY (EXAM1) > Flashcards

INTRODUCTION TO THE BODY (EXAM1) Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary

A

– protects and cover the human body (hair, skin, glands)

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2
Q

Skeletal

A

– protects the body, provides attachment sites for muscles (bones and joints)

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3
Q

Muscular

A

– used to create movement of the body and within the body; generates heat (includes skeletal(voluntary) and smooth (involuntary) muscles of the body

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4
Q

Endocrine

A

– produces chemical messengers called hormones; hormones travel through the blood to affect distant organs (hypothalamus, pituitary), pancreas, thyroid gland

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5
Q

Nervous

A

– perceives the internal and external world; responds to our environment; creates thoughts and memories (brain, spinal cord, nerves)

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6
Q

Cardiovascular

A

– pumps around the body to distribute nutrients and remove waste (heart acts as the pump, blood vessels distribute blood)

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7
Q

Lymphatic

A

– transports excess fluid from tissues back into the blood; exposes fluid to immune system (lymphatic, vessels, lymph node, thymus, spleen)

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8
Q

Respiratory

A

– responsible for breathing; allows for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide (includes nose, trachea, lungs)

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9
Q

Digestive

A

– Receives nutrients from our environment; physically and chemically breaks down food into components that can be absorbed into the blood (includes mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestine)

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10
Q

Urinary

A

– filters blood to remove waste material in the urine (includes kidney, ureters, bladder, urethra)

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11
Q

Reproductive

A

– produces new offspring (for males includes penis, testes, scrotum, vas deferens, sperm) (for females vagina, ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, mammary glands)

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12
Q

Characterize the disciplines of anatomy and of physiology and explain how they are interrelated

A

Anatomy is the study of the structure of the human body and physiology is the study of how the body works (constructional organization is based on function)

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13
Q

Describe the structural level of organization of living things from chemical to organismal

A

organization of atoms and molecules to make proteins and other macromolecules

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14
Q

Describe the anatomical position and state its relevance

A

Used as point of reference when comparing the locations of different body parts; a person in the anatomical position is standing up right feet parallel forward and flat, arms to the side with palms facing forward and thumbs facing away from the body, head facing forward.

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15
Q

Define sagittal, transverse, coronal and oblique planes

A

Sagittal plane – divides body into left and right portions

Transverse – divides body to upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions

Coronal/frontal – divides body to anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions

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16
Q

Define the following directional terms: Anterior-posterior

A

front surface/back surface

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17
Q

Define the following directional terms: Dorsal-ventral

A

at the backside of the human body/bellyside of the human body

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18
Q

Define the following directional terms: Medial-lateral-intermediate

A

toward midline of the body/away from the midline/in between 2 lateral parts

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19
Q

Define the following directional terms: Superior-inferior

A

closer to the head/closer to the feet

20
Q

Define the following directional terms: Caudal-cranial

A

at the rear or tail end/at the head end

21
Q

Define the following directional terms: Deep-superficial

A

: away from body surface, more internal/toward or at body surface

22
Q

Define the following directional terms: Proximal-distal

A

closest to the point of attachment to the trunk of the body/farther from the point of attachment to the trunk of the body

23
Q

Define regional term: brachial

A

arm (bicep part)

24
Q

Define regional term: pubic

A

genital part

25
Q

Define regional term: patellar

A

knee

26
Q

define regional term: tarsal

A

ankle

27
Q

define regional term: crural

A

leg

28
Q

define regional term: cephalic

A

head

29
Q

define regional term: cervical

A

neck

30
Q

define regional term: thoracic

A

chest

31
Q

define regional term: carpal

A

wrist

32
Q

define regional term:antecubital

A

where you take IV’s

33
Q

define regional term: pelvic

A

lower abs

34
Q

define regional term: manus

A

hand

35
Q

define regional term: coxal

A

hip

36
Q

define regional term: femural

A

thigh

37
Q

define regional term:olecranal

A

Posterior elbow

38
Q

define regional term: vertebral

A

spine

39
Q

define regional term: sural

A

calf

40
Q

define regional term: calcaneal

A

achilles

41
Q

define regional term: popliteal

A

posterior part of knee

42
Q

Know what structures are housed in the dorsal (cranial and vertebral) and ventral (thoracic, adominal, pelvic) cavities

A

Dorsal – cranial (houses the brain), vertebral (houses spinal cord)

Ventral – thoracic (houses the lungs and heart)

43
Q

Name the serous membranes of the heart

A

Heart:parietal pericardium, visceral pericardium, pericardial space

44
Q

Name the serous membranes of the lungs

A

Lungs: parietal pleura, visceral pleura, pleural space

45
Q

Name the serous membranes of the abdominopelvic cavity

A

Abdominopelvic cavity: parietal peritoneum, visceral peritoneum, peritoneal space

ANATOMY LECTURE (10 decks)

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