Introduction to Sport Psychology

Question 1

Define Sport & Exercise Psychology

Answer 1

The scientific study of people and their behaviours in sport and exercise activities and the practical application of that knowledge

Question 2

Two Objectives of Sport & Exercise Psychology

Answer 2

1. Understand the effects of psychological factors on
   physical and motor performance.
2. Understand the effects of participation in physical activity on psychological development, health, and well-being.

Question 3

Roles of the Sport & Exercise Psychologist

Answer 3

Research
Teaching
Consulting

Question 4

Study

Answer 4

The investigator observes or assesses without changing the environment in any way.

Question 5

Experiment

Answer 5

The investigator manipulates variables while observing
them, then examines how changes in one or more variables affect
changes in others

Question 6

Methods of Knowing

Answer 6

Scientific method
Systematic observation
Single case study
Shared (public) experience
Introspection
Intuition

Question 7

The science of coaching, teaching, or leadership:

Answer 7

Focuses on using general scientific principles.

Question 8

The art of coaching, teaching, or leadership:

Answer 8

Knowing when and how to individualise these general principles. Contextual intelligence is critical.

Question 9

Three Approaches to Sport & Exercise Psychology

Answer 9

• Psychophysiological orientation
• Social–psychological orientation
• Cognitive–behavioral orientation

Question 10

Psychophysiological orientation

Answer 10

Examines underlying psychophysiological processes of the brain in terms of primary causes of behavior.
Example: Biofeedback to trained marksmen

Question 11

Social–Psychological Orientation

Answer 11

Behaviour is determined by a complex interaction of the social environment and the personal makeup of the athlete or exerciser.
Example: How a leader’s style and strategies foster group cohesion

Question 12

Cognitive–Behavioural Orientation

Answer 12

Behaviour is determined by both the environment and
thoughts (cognitions).
Example: Studying differences in confidence and anxiety
among tennis players with or without burnout

Question 13

Competence

Answer 13

Maintain the highest standards in your work and recognize the limits of your expertise.

Question 14

Integrity

Answer 14

Clarify roles and do not falsely advertise

Question 15

Professional and scientific responsibility

Answer 15

Always place the interests of clients first.

Question 16

Respect for people’s rights and dignity

Answer 16

Respect such fundamental rights as privacy and confidentiality among clients

Question 17

Concern for the welfare of others

Answer 17

Always contribute to the welfare of those with whom you work.

Question 18

Social responsibility

Answer 18

Contribute to knowledge and human welfare while always protecting participants’ interests.

Question 19

Sources of Physical activity

1) _______: fitness-related activities
2) Sport: organized games of play
3) _______: leisure and hobby-related activities
4) Labor: work-related activity

Answer 19

1) Exercise

3) Recreation

Question 20

What are the ABCs of exercise?

Answer 20

Antecedents
Behavior
Consequences

Question 21

Antecedents

Answer 21

What variables impact exercise-related decisions?

Question 22

Consequences

Answer 22

What outcomes can be expected from acute and/or chronic exercise behavior?

Question 23

Model

Answer 23

• Visual representation of variable relationships.

- Not always based on tested hypotheses.

Question 24

Theory

Answer 24

• Systematic arrangement of variables that provide a basis for explaining outcomes.
• Invites scientific evaluation of proposed variable relationships.
• Often represented through the use of a model.