Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Adult Neuro Two > Introduction to SCI > Flashcards

Introduction to SCI Flashcards

1
Q

Are traumatic or atraumatic SCI more common

A

traumatic (by far - 70%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the most common traumatic cause of SCI

A

MVA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

are SCIs more common in younger or older adults? males or females?

A

younger
males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

are SCIs more common in Caucasians or african americans?

A

caucasians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

tetraplegia (quadriplegia)

A

injury to cervical spinal cord with associated loss of muscle strength in all 4 extremeties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

paraplegia

A

injury in the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral region of spinal cord, including the cauda equnia and conus medullaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the most common levels of spinal cord injury and why?

A

C5-6
T4-T7
T12-L1
these are hypermobile segments compared to others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the most common level for paraplegia and why

A

T12 - thoracolumbar junction where mobility comes back in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the 2 most common causes of thoracic injury

A

falls and gun shot wounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

primary injury

A

direct trauma to the spinal cord (contusion, traction, compression, impingement of spinal cord)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

secondary injury

A

cascade of events leading to cell death, tissue destruction in spinal cord (ischemia, inflammation, ion derangement, apoptosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the goal of medical management with SCIs

A

to reduce glial scars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

spinal shock

A

a transient physiological reflex depression of cord function below the level of injury with associated loss of all sensorimotor functional and reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

when does spinal shock occur

A
  • within hours of injury
  • can last days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

TorF: SCI diagnosis can be confirmed before tthe end of spinal shock

A

F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how do you confirm the end of spinal shock

A

a positive bulbocavernosus reflex or anal wink reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

does a sci produce UMN or LMN signs

A

can be both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

peripheral nerve function can potentially return within ____ months following a sci

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

skeletal level of injury

A

level of greatest vertebral damage on radiograph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what level does the spinal cord end

A

L1-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

3 ways to classify sci

A

1- tetra/paraplegia
2- ASIA
3- syndrom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what does the ASIA scale describe

A

the level and extend of the injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

T or F: ASIA scale informs both status and prognosis

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the 3 sensory components of ASIA

A

1 - light touch
2 - sharp/dull
3 - deep pressure
*there are key sensory points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
sensory grading for ASIA
0 - absent 1 - altered (decreased or hypersensitive) 2 - normal NT - not testable
26
if there is an * after an objective measurement on ASIA, what does that mean?
non-sci condition affected measurement
27
complete SCI
absence of sensory and motor functions in the lowest sacral segments
28
incomplete SCI
preservation of sensory or motor function below the level of injury, including the lowest sacral segments
29
____ differentiates complete from incomplete injury
sacral sparing
30
how do you check for sacral sparking
after spinal shock is over, perform a rectal examination to check motor function or sensation
31
T or F: you have to have both motor and sensory function in the sacral segments for it to be considered sacral sparing
F: presence of either is considered sacral sparing
32
how is sacral sparing possible?
the organization of tracts in the spinal cord... sacral segments are more on the periphery and there is also more collateral circulation on the periphery
33
how is motor level determined
the most caudal key muscles thatt have muscle strength of 3 or above while the segment above is 5
34
LEMS
lower extremeties motor score uses the ASIA key muscles in both lower extremities with a total possible score of 50 (max score of 5 for each muscle)
35
Pts with a LEMS of ____ or less are likely to be limited ambulator while pts with scores _______ and above are likely to be community ambulators
20 30
36
how is sensory level determined
most caudal dermatome with a normal score of 2/2 for both pinprick and light touch
37
how is neurological level of injury determined for ASIA
most caudal level at which both motor and sensory levels are intactt
38
zone of partial preservation is only used when there is....
no motor OR no sensory (including deep pressure) at the lowest sacral segments
39
what is a zone of partial preservation
any motor or sensory below the motor level or sensory level
40
this is the level you consider for goals
functional level
41
functional level
muscle grade or 3 or 3+ (depending on source)
42
ASIA A
complete - no sensory or motor function is preserved in sacral segments S4-5
43
ASIA B
sensory incomplete - any sensory but no motor is preserved below the neurological level and includes the sacral segments (light touch or pin prick at S4-5 or deep anal pressure AND no motor function is preserved more than 3 levels below the ipsilateral motor level
44
ASIA C
motor incomplete : motor function is preserved with voluntary anal contraction OR any sensory function at S4-5 AND any motor function more than 3 levels below the ipsilateral motor level. more than 1/2 key muscles have muscle grade of less than 3/5
45
ASIA D
motor incomplete - same as ASIA C except half or more of the key muscles below the neurological level of function are greater than or equal to 3/5
46
ASIA E
"normal" (but still sci)
47
are the upper limbs or lower limbs usually more impacted in central cord? is their sacral sensory sparing?
uuper yes
48
what is the most common incomplete sci
central cord
49
what is the central cord syndrome caused by
hyperextension injury
50
what part of tthe cord and ttracts does central cord syndrome damage
medial portion of cord medial corticospinal and spinothalamic tracts
51
initial damage is made worse in central cord syndrome by...
secondary necrosis and bleeding into the cord
52
t or f: most people with central cord syndrome will not ambulate
F: prognosis for ambulation is good (77%)
53
how is the prognosis for bowel and bladder control in central cord syndrome? what about hand function
B&B= good (53%) hand function = okay (42%)
54
brown-sequard syndrome is often associated with a _____ lesion of the cord
hemisection
55
what does B-S syndrome cause
ipsilateral proprioceptive and motor loss with contralateral loss of pain and temp beginning 2-3 segments below lesion
56
F or F: the prognosis for ambulation with B-S syndrome is very good
T: almost 100% walk
57
how is the prognosis for B&B function and hand function with B-S syndrome
Bladder - very good 100% Bowel - good 80% hand - good 80%
58
B-S syndrome usually occurs as a result of...
stabbings or GSW *therefore pure hemisections rarely occur and you will see a mix of symptoms
59
anterior cord syndrome MOI?
hyperflexion
60
anterior cord syndrome disrupts which artery
anterior spinal
61
what does the anterior spinal artery supply
anterolateral 2/3 of the cord
62
whatt is lost in anterior cord syndrome
voluntary motor function pain and temp discrimination
63
what is spared in anterior cord syndrome
deep pressure, proprioception, 2 point discrimination, some light touch
64
T or F: the prognosis for ambulation with anterior cord syndrome is good
F: poor, 0% walk functionally
65
T or F: the prognosis for B&B function and hand function which anterior cord is poor
T
66
conus medullaris syndrome involves injury to the...
sacral cord and lumbar nerve roots
67
what does conus medullaris syndrome cause
- flaccid or areflexic B&B -lower limb paralysis
68
cauda equina syndrome involves damage to the...
lumbosacral nerve roots in the spinal canal
69
cauda equina syndrome causes
flaccid/areflexic bladder, bowel, and lower limbs
70
cauda equina syndrome occurs with injury at the ______ vertebra or below
L1
71
what type of lesion is cauda equina
LMN
72
T or F: extent of damage varies with cauda eqina. why or why not
T: because the nerve roots are free floating
73
is regeneration possible with cauda equina
yes, depending on extent of damage
74
T or F: posterior cord syndrome is common
F: very rare
75
what does posterior cord syndrome usually result from
internal compression secondary to tumor or infarction of the posterior spinal artery
76
what tract does posterior cord syndrome affect
DCML
77
what do people with posterior cord syndrome have tto learn motor function without
proprioceptive feedback
78
T or F: preserved motor below lesion is a positive predictor of motor return
T, so is preserved pin prick
79
can ASIA score change over time
yes
80
motor return is best predicted how long after injury
72 hours to 1 week

Adult Neuro Two (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions