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Atoms to volcanoes - 33739 > Introduction to rock types and basic descriptions > Flashcards

Introduction to rock types and basic descriptions Flashcards

1
Q

What titles will go on the rock hand specimen description?

A

Specimen number
Location
Colour
relative density
Strength
Texture: Crystal/ grain size
Crystal texture
Fabric
Other features
Sketches

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2
Q

What are the 3 quantitative expressions of colour?

A

Hue
Chroma
Value

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3
Q

What is hue when describing colour?

A

basic colour or mixture of colours

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4
Q

What is chroma when describing colour?

A

brilliance or intensity of colour

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5
Q

What is value when describing colour?

A

lightness of colour

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6
Q

What are some examples of hue being used to describe colour?

A

Light
Dark

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7
Q

What are some examples of chroma being used to describe colour?

A

Pinkish
Reddish
Yellowish
Brownish
Orangish
Greenish
Bluish
Purplish
Greyish

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8
Q

What are some examples of value being used to describe colour?

A

Pink
Red
Yellow
Orange
Brown
Green
Blue
Purple
White
Grey
Black

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9
Q

What are the 2 broad classifications for colour distribution?

A

Uniform- all one
Non-uniform

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10
Q

What are the general types of non-uniform colour distribution?

A

Spotted
Mottled
Dappled
Streaked
Striped

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11
Q

What are the 3 subdivisions for rock density?

A

High
Medium
Low
(for a rock of their size)

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12
Q

What is rock texture?

A

refers to the general physical appearance of a rock

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13
Q

What is the description of texture like for Igneous and metamorphic rocks?

A

Fine-grained < 0.75 mm
Medium grained 0.75-1 mm
Coarse-grained 1-2 mm
Very coarse-grained > 2 mm

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14
Q

What are Equigranular metamorphic or igneous rocks? (crystal/ grain relationship)

A

crystals or grains of the same size or approximately the same size

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15
Q

What are Inequigranular metamorphic or igneous rocks? (crystal/ grain relationship)

A

characterised by a mixture of crystals or grains of significantly different sizes.

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16
Q

What are Megacrystic metamorphic and igneous rocks? (crystal/ grain relationship)

A

containing crystals or grains that are significantly larger than the surrounding
groundmass or matrix

17
Q

What are Aphanitic metamorphic or igneous rocks? (crystal/ grain relationship)

A

he individual constituents (e.g. crystals) are not visible to the naked eye.

18
Q

What are porphyritic metamorphic or igneous rocks? (crystal/ grain relationship)

A

igneous rock containing large crystals (phenocrysts) that are compatible in
composition and mode of formation with the groundmass or matrix in which they occur (special
type of megacrystic texture)

19
Q

What are crystalline metamorphic or igneous rocks? (crystal/ grain relationship)

A

consisting of clearly recognisable crystals using a hand lens or normal petrological
microscope

20
Q

What are Cryptocrystalline metamorphic or igneous rocks? (crystal/ grain relationship)

A

rock consisting of crystals that are too small to be recognized and
distinguished separately under an ordinary microscope

21
Q

What is fabric when describing rocks?

A

refers to the arrangement of the constituent grains or crystals in a rock

22
Q

What are the 3 underlying processes which generate the planar features of rock ? (Fabric)

A

Layering
Lamination
Foliation

23
Q

What is layering? (rock fabric)

A

alternating layers of crystals with subtle to clear differences
in mineralogy, often visible as some degree of colour banding

24
Q

What type of rock is layering most common in?

A

Igneous

25
Q

What type of rock is foliation typical of?

A

metamorphic rocks

26
Q

What is foliation? (rock fabric)

A

layered or banded appearance, normally with distinct mineral compositions

27
Q

What is the reason the layering occurs in igneous rocks?

A

Related to crystal settling and fluctuating melt composition in cooling magmas

28
Q

What is the reason foliation occurring in metamorphic rock?

A

produced by exposure to heat under a directed pressure field

29
Q

What type of of rock does laminations typically occur in?

A

sedimentary rocks

30
Q

What is laminations? (rock fabric)

A

layering caused by small differences in the type of sediment including grain size, clay percentage, organic material content or mineral content

31
Q
A

Atoms to volcanoes - 33739 (16 decks)

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