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Advanced Techniques > Introduction to Research (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Introduction to Research (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

PICO Model

A

Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome

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2
Q

Population

A

Group of Patients

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3
Q

Intervention

A

Main Intervention

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4
Q

Comparison

A

Main Alternative

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5
Q

Outcome

A

Relieve or eliminate symptoms?

What are you trying to do for the patient?

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6
Q

Evidence Based Medicine Encompasses

A

Philosophy, Clinical Strategy, Application

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7
Q

Concise summaries of the best available evidence.

A

Systematic Review

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8
Q

Research that derives data from observation interviews or verbal interactions.

A

Qualitative

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9
Q

Research based on collected objective data that can be subjected to statistical analysis.

A

Quantitative

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10
Q

Variable is manipulated.

A

Experimental

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11
Q

Variable not manipulated.

A

Non-experimental

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12
Q

Manipulated by researcher. Example: intervention, treatment.

A

Independent

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13
Q

Determines the outcome that is being evaluated. Example: Strength, balance, function.

A

Dependent

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14
Q

Independent variable controlled manipulation by researcher.

A

Experimental

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15
Q

Subjects are randomly assigned to two or more groups.

A

True Experimental

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16
Q

Does not receive new treatment and serves as baseline for interpretation of results.

A

Control Group

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17
Q

Does receive new treatment.

A

Experimental Group

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18
Q

Subjects not randomly assigned to groups.

A

Quasi Experimental

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19
Q

No manipulation independent variable.

A

Non-experimental

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20
Q

In-depth investigation of an individual, a group, or institution.

A

Case Studies

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21
Q

Measure of association.

A

Correlation Research

22
Q

+ Value

A

As one increases so does the other.

23
Q
  • Value
A

Inverse realtionship

24
Q

Closer to 1.

A

Stronger relationship.

25
Q
  • 1
A

Perfect correlation.

26
Q

The consistency of repeated measurements of the same observation by the same rater. Example: Same person.

A

Intrarater Reliability

27
Q

The consistency of repeated measurements of the same observation by different raters. Example: Between two person.

A

Interrater Reliability

28
Q

The degree to which an instrument measures what it is intended to measure.

A

Validity

29
Q

The degree to which change on the dependent variable is directed a result of manipulation of the independent variable and not some other variable.

A

Internal

30
Q

The degree to which results are generalizable to individuals outside the experimental study.

A

External

31
Q

Group of all elements to be studies.

A

Population

32
Q

Subgroup of population.

A

Sample

33
Q

The percentage of individuals with a particular diagnosis that are correctly identified as positive.

A

Sensitivity

34
Q

The percentage of individuals without a particular diagnosis that are correctly identified as negative.

A

Specificity

35
Q

An untreated subject experiences a change simply from participating in a research study.

A

Hawthorne Effect (Placebo Effect)

36
Q

A statement of belief about a population’s parameters.

A

Hypothesis

37
Q

Mean

A

Average

38
Q

The middle value among some scores of a variable.

A

Median

39
Q

The most frequent response or value for a variable.

A

Mode

40
Q

The value between the minimum and maximum values of variable.

A

Range

41
Q

A standardized measure of distance from the mean.

A

The Standard Deviation

42
Q

Categories are very broad and each participant in the study will fit into only one of these categories.

A

Nomial

43
Q

Classifies and ranks data in terms of degree to which they have a common characteristic.

A

Ordinal

44
Q

Requires an investigator to indent the parameters of a population.

A

Probability Sampling

45
Q

Subjects are selected as they become available until the desired sample size is reached.

A

Convenience Sampling

46
Q

Classifies and ranks data on a scale where the distance between any two numbers is of equal amounts.

A

Interval

47
Q

Classifies and ranks data where the unit of measure based on equal intervals and a true zero point.

A

Ratio

48
Q

Often relies on random numbers. Everyone has the chance of being selected.

A

Simple Random Sampling

49
Q

Subjects are selected by taking the nth subject from a population.

A

Systematic Sampling

50
Q

Subjects are selected based on a random sample of naturally occurring groups.

A

Cluster Sampling

51
Q

Subjects are selected as they become available until the desired sample size is reached.

A

Convenience Sampling

52
Q

Analysis of Variance. Used to test the hypothesis that the means among two or more groups are equal.

A

ANOVA

Advanced Techniques (11 decks)

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