Introduction to Researach

Question 1

What is the definition of research

Answer 1

Research is an endeavor to discover, develop, and verify knowledge through observation and data collection.

Question 2

What does the term “philosophy of science” refer to?

Answer 2

It refers to the study of assumptions, foundations, and implications of science.

Question 3

Contrast quantitative and qualitative research.

Answer 3

Quantitative Research: Focused on measurement and statistical analysis.
Qualitative Research: Focused on exploring attitudes, behaviors, and experiences.

Question 5

What is the definition of research?

Answer 5

Research is an endeavor to discover, develop, and verify knowledge through observation and data collection.

Question 6

What does the term “philosophy of science” refer to?

Answer 6

It refers to the study of assumptions, foundations, and implications of science.

Question 7

Differentiate quantitative and qualitative research.

Answer 7

Quantitative Research: Focused on measurement and statistical analysis.
Qualitative Research: Focused on exploring attitudes, behaviors, and experiences.

Question 9

What is qualitative research?

Answer 9

A strategy for systematic collection, organization, and interpretation of textual material derived from talk or conversation.

Question 10

What are the characteristics of qualitative research?

Answer 10

Natural Setting
Research as key instrument
Multiple sources of data
Inductive data analysis
Participants’ meanings
Emergent design
Theoretical lens
Interpretive
Holistic account

Question 11

What are the products of qualitative research?

Answer 11

Recurrent themes or hypotheses
Survey instrument measures
Taxonomies
Conceptual models (or theories)

Question 12

What are the strategies of inquiry in qualitative research?

Answer 12

Ethnography
Grounded Theory
Case Studies
Phenomenology
Narrative Strategy

Question 13

Enumerate the characteristics of qualitative research

Answer 13

Natural Setting
Research as key instrument
Multiple sources of data
Inductive data analysis
Participants’ meanings
Emergent design
Theoretical lens
Interpretive
Holistic account

Question 14

Enumerate the products of qualitative research

Answer 14

Recurrent themes or hypotheses
Survey instrument measures
Taxonomies
Conceptual models (or theories)

Question 15

What is research?

Answer 15

Research is an endeavour to discover, develop and verify knowledge. It is an intellectual process that has developed over hundred years, ever changing in purpose and form and always searching for the truth. – Francis Rummel

Question 16

What is the importance of research?

Answer 16

A tool for building knowledge and efficient learning
Means to understand various issues
An aid to business success
A way to prove lies and build the truth
Means to find, gauge and seize opportunities
A seed to love reading, writing, analyzing and sharing information
Nourishment and exercise of the mind
Basis for production

Question 17

What is science?

Answer 17

Science is a human investigative behavior whose object is the natural world and the natural phenomena. Science is a tool developed and used by humans when humans interrogate the natural world.

Question 18

What is philosophy?

Answer 18

Philosophy is concerned with questions of essences: what are things at their core? What are things at their most central, fundamental, foundational levels?

Question 19

What is the scientific method?

Answer 19

A standardized set of techniques for building scientific knowledge.

Question 20

What are the key elements of the scientific method?

Answer 20

Question
Hypothesis
Experiment
Observation
Analysis
Conclusion

Question 21

What is qualitative research?

Answer 21

Qualitative Research – explores attitudes, behavior and experiences through such methods as interviews or focus groups.

Question 22

What is quantitative research?

Answer 22

Quantitative Research – based on the measurement of quantity or amount; generates statistics through the use of large-scale survey research, using methods such as questionnaire or structured interviews.

Question 23

Importance of Research

Answer 23

A tool for building knowledge and efficient learning.
Means to understand various issues.
An aid to business success.
A way to prove lies and build the truth.
Means to find, gauge, and seize opportunities.
A seed to love reading, writing, analyzing, and sharing information.
Nourishment and exercise of the mind.
Basis for production.

Question 24

Key Elements of the Scientific Method

Answer 24

Question: A scientist proposes the problem he wants to solve.
Hypothesis: A potential answer to the question at hand.
Experiment: Ordered investigations intended to prove or disprove a hypothesis.
Observation: A statement of knowledge gained through the senses or through the use of scientific equipment.
Analysis: Comparing the result of the experiment to the prediction posed by the hypothesis.
Conclusion: A statement whether the original hypothesis was supported or refuted by the observations.

Question 25

Philosophical Terms in Research

Answer 25

Ontology: Refers to beliefs about the nature of reality.
Epistemology: Examines the relationship between knowledge and the researcher during the discovery.
Methodology: The way we go about discovering knowledge in a systematic manner.

Question 26

Positivism

Answer 26

Ontology: Realism; One reality exists that can be found.
Epistemology: Dualist and objective.
Methodology: Experimental leading to contextualized results.

Question 27

Constructivism/Interpretivism

Answer 27

Ontology: Relativism; Realities are constructed.
Epistemology: Interactive/transactional and subjective with co-created findings.
Methodology: Qualitative, interpretative, and logical with a well-described context.

Question 28

Philosophical Worldviews

Answer 28

Positivism and Constructivism/Interpretivism