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Reproductive System Anat - OSPE 3 > Introduction to Repro Anat > Flashcards

Introduction to Repro Anat Flashcards

1
Q

What is the true pelvis and false pelvis

A

Pelvis minor and pelvis major

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2
Q

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint

A

Synovial

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3
Q

What type of joint is the pubic symphysis

A

Secondary cartilaginous

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4
Q

Male vs female pelvis: Pelvis major

A

Male: Narrower
Female: Wider

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5
Q

Male vs female pelvis: Pelvis minor

A

Male: Narrower and deeper
Female: Wider and shallower

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6
Q

Male vs female pelvis: Pelvic inlet (shape)

A

Male: Heart shape
Female: Oval

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7
Q

Male vs female pelvis: Pelvic outlet

A

Male: Narrow
Female: Wide

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8
Q

Male vs female pelvis: Subpubic angle

A

Male: Acute
Female: Obtuse

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9
Q

Male vs female pelvis: Obturator foramen

A

Male: Round
Female: Oval

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10
Q

Male vs female pelvis: Acetabulum

A

Male: Larger
Female: Smaller

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11
Q

Narrowest diameter of the pelvic inlet

A

Obstetric conjugate

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12
Q

Widest diameter of pelvic inlet

A

Diagonal conjugate

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13
Q

What muscle forms the posterior wall of the pelvis?

A

Piriformis

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14
Q

What nerve network lies on the piriformis?

A

Sacral Plexus

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15
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

A fibromuscular node found in the midline of the perineum

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16
Q

What is the anococcygeal body?

A

Layered musculotendinous intersection of the two haves of levator ani muscles.

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17
Q

Functions of the pelvic floor (2)

A
  1. Support the abdomino-pelvic organs

2. Resist intra-abdominal pressure

18
Q

What 2 muscles make up the pelvic floor

A
  1. Coccygeus

2. Levator ani: pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, puborectalis

19
Q

Innervation of the pelvic floor and what origin

A

Pudendal. S2-S4

20
Q

What is a 1) cystocele and 2) rectocele

A

1) anterior vaginal prolapse where bladder has prolapsed

2) posterior vaginal prolapse where rectum has prolapsed

21
Q

What are the consequences of pelvic floor injury?

A

Urinary or bowel incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, sexual dysfunction, pelvic pain

22
Q

Why perform an episiotomy?

A

To minimise extensive tears to the vagina

23
Q

Why mediolateral episiotomy instead of midline?

A

To prevent damage to the perineal body, which can cause urinary and faecal incontinence

24
Q

What structures can be palpated on DRE? Male and female

A

Male: prostate, rectal walls
Female: cervix, rectal walls

25
Q

Acronym for branches of internal iliac artery

A

I Love Going Places in My Very Own Underwear

26
Q

What are the branches of the internal iliac artery?

A 
Iliolumbar artery
Lumbar sacral artery 
Gluteal - superior and inferior artery 
Internal pudendal artery 
Inferior vesicular artery - males 
Middle rectal artery 
Vaginal artery - female
Obturator artery
Uterine/umbilical artery - for females
27
Q

Which parts of rectum drain into portal circulation?

A

Superior

28
Q

Which parts of the rectum drain into systemic circulation?

A

Low and middle

29
Q

Why might haemorrhoids be associated with cirrhosis of liver?

A

Venous blood from scarred liver backed up in portal circulation and into rectum.

30
Q

Which venous plexus does the prostatic venous plexus communicate with posteriorly? What is the clinical significance?

A

Vertebral. Prostate cancer can metastasise to the spine.

31
Q

Ilioinguinal nerve: Origin, entry, innervation.

A

Origin: L1
Entry: Superficial inguinal ring
Innervation: labial folds, skin of root of penis

32
Q

Genitofemoral nerve: Origin, entry, innervation.

A

Origin: L1-L2
Entry: Deep inguinal ring
Innervation: Anterior scrotal skin, cremasteric muscle

33
Q

Bony landmarks for pudendal nerve blocks (2)

A

1) Ischial spine 2) Sacrospinous ligament

34
Q

What is the sympathetic nerve supply to the pelvis?

A

Inferior hypogastric.

35
Q

Origins of sympathetic fibres to the pelvis? Innervation in male and females?

A

L1 and L2
Male: Epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate
Female: Ovaries, fallopian tube, uterus, vagina

36
Q

Parasympathetic fibres to pelvis name, origin and innervation

A

Pelvic splachnic nerve
S2-S4
Male and female: all internal pelvic organs and erectile tissue

37
Q

4 primary lymph node groups of pelvis

A

sacral, external iliac, internal iliac, common iliac

38
Q

What do the external iliac nodes drain?

A

Inguinal lymph nodes

39
Q

What do the internal iliac nodes drain?

A

Gluteal region, deep perineum, inferior pelvic viscera

40
Q

What do the sacral nodes drain?

A

Rectum and posterior wall of pelvis

41
Q

What do the common iliac nodes drain?

A

They receive drainage from external iliac, internal iliac and sacral lymph nodes.

Reproductive System Anat - OSPE 3 (6 decks)

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