Embryology Flashcards
What is the main embryological origin of the reproductive system?
Mesonephron
What is the main embryological origin of the urinary system?
Metanephron
What are the mesonephron parts?
Mesonephric tubules
Mesonephric ducts
What is the embryological origin of the gonads?
Gonadal ridge
What is the embryological origin of the germ cells? How do they get there?
Primordial germ cells travel from the yolk sac to the primitive sex tubules.
How does the paramesonephric duct come to be?
Invagination of the epithelium of the mesonephros
What does the mesonephron develop into embryologically?
- Indifferent gonads
- Mesonephric duct (Wolffian duct)
- Paramesonephric duct (Mullerian duct)
What is the embryological origin of the testes?
Indifferent gonads
What is the embryological origin of the vas deferens?
Mesonephric duct
What is the embryological origin of the seminal vesicles?
Mesonephric duct
What is the embryological origin of the epididymis?
Mesonephric duct
What is the embryological origin of the prostate?
Urogenital sinus
What is the embryological origin of the urethra?
Urogenital sinus
What is the embryological origin of the ovaries?
Indifferent gonads
What is the embryological origin of the fallopian tube?
Paramesonephric duct
What is the embryological origin of the uterus?
Paramesonephric duct
What is the embryological origin of the cervix?
Paramesonephric duct
What is the embryological origin of the vagina?
Upper vagina: Paramesonephric duct
Lower vagina: Urogenital sinus
Describe the role of the Y chromosome in differentiating gonads - SRY and TDF effects.
- SRY region codes for TDF (testes determining factor)
- Primordial supporting cells express SRY
3a. TDF causes indifferent gonads to develop into testes
3b. Sertoli cells are developed. - Sertoli cells secrete Mullerian Inhibiting Substance (MIS)
5a. MIS causes paramesonephric duct to degenerate
5b. MIS causes development of Leydig cells from mesenchyme, which produce testosterone and develop external male genitalia.
Where do the tubular components of the female reproductive traits come from?
Paramesonephric duct
What is the vertebral level of the testes (embryologically)
T10
What is the vertebral level of the ovary?
T10
Route of the round ligament?
Round ligament will go through inguinal canal and attach to labia majora.
Types of cryptorchidism?
Undescended testes
Retractile testes
Ectopic
Absent
Complications of cryptorchidism?
Testicular torsion
Malignant changes
Infertility
Management of cryptorchidism?
Orchidoplexy
Different remnants of mesonephric duct?
Epoophron
Paraoophron
Gartner’s cyst
Different types of anomalies of the paramesonephric duct?
Complete duplication - 2 uterus, 2 vagina
Septate uterus - septum in the middle of uterus
Bicornuate uterus - deep invagination of fundus of uterus
Arcuate uterus - slight invagination of fundus of uterus
