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Reproductive System Anat - OSPE 3 > Female Reproductive Systwm > Flashcards

Female Reproductive Systwm Flashcards

1
Q

What three structures constitute the birth canal?

A

Uterus (lower segment), cervix, vagina

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2
Q

3 layers of the uterus

A

Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium

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3
Q

What area of the uterine body does the lower segment develop from?

A

Isthmus of uterus

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4
Q

C-section done on which part of uterus?

A

Lower segment of the uterus

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5
Q

Different parts of the fallopian tube?

A

Fimbriae, Infundibulum, Ampulla, Isthmus, Intramural/Uterine part

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6
Q

Normal orientation/position of the uterus?

A

Anteverted and anteflexed

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7
Q

If the uterus is very retroverted and retroflexed, what can happen during pregnancy?

A

Expanding uterus will mean bladder difficult to empty

unsure of this answer

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8
Q

Why does one need to know about the position of the uterus prior to carrying out a DNC?

A

To prepare the appropriate instrumentation

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9
Q

Through which fornix can you feel the rectouterine pouch? What is the clinical significance?

A

Posterior fornix. Masses in the rectouterine pouch can be investigated through bimanual palpation of the posterior fornix.

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10
Q

What ligament is known as the cardinal ligament and what is its main purpose?

A

Transverse cervical ligament. Acts as one of the main supports of the uterus.

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11
Q

Which part of the fallopian tube is the widest?

A

Ampulla

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12
Q

Where are eggs most frequently fertilised?

A

Ampulla

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13
Q

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

A

A pregnancy where the embryo has implanted outside the uterine cavity.

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14
Q

What is a cornual pregancy?

A

Pregnancy that occurs in a cavity of a rudimentary horn of the uterus.

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15
Q

2 ligaments supporting the ovary and their attachments.

A

1) Suspensory ligament of the ovary - ovary to lateral pelvic wall
2) Ligament of ovary - ovary to uterus

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16
Q

At what vertebral level do the ovarian arteries originate?

A

L2

17
Q

Where do the ovarian veins drain?

A

Right: IVC
Left: left renal vein

18
Q

What does ‘water under the bridge’ mean?

A

It’s referring to the uterine artery and the ureter that runs under it.

19
Q

What structures may be damaged during surgery of the uterus?

A

Ureter and bladder

20
Q

Lymph nodes draining ovary

A

Pre-aortic, para-aortic, lumbar

21
Q

Lymph nodes draining fundus and upper uterine body

A

Pre-aortic lymph nodes

22
Q

Lymph nodes draining most of uterine body

A

Internal iliac, external iliac, sacral

23
Q

Lymph nodes draining uterine cervix and upper vagina

A

Internal iliac and sacral lymph nodes

24
Q

Lymph nodes draining lower vagina

A

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

25
Q

Breasts extend across which ribs?

A

Rib 2-6

26
Q

What are the deep surface structures related to the breast? (3)

A
  1. Pectoralis major
  2. Pectoralis Minor
  3. Serratus Anterior
27
Q

What is the blood supply of the breast? (Include the origin vessels)

A

Subclavian artery -> internal thoracic artery -> medial mammary arteries
Axillary artery -> lateral thoracic and posterior intercostal arteries -> lateral mammary arteries

28
Q

Main groups of lymph nodes draining the breast (5)

A
  1. Parasternal
  2. Subclavian
  3. Central
  4. Posterior
  5. Pectoral
29
Q

Which group of lymph nodes first receives lymph from the lateral quadrant of the breast tissue?

A

Posterior intercostal nodes

30
Q

Treatment options for breast cancer

A
  1. Chemo + Hormone treatment
  2. Lumpectomy and biopsy
  3. Masectomy and lymph node biopsy
31
Q

What is the difference between the maternal and foetal side of the placenta?

A

Maternal side is rough and spongy, the foetal side is smooth and bears the attachment of the umbilical cord..

32
Q

Functions of the placenta (4)

A

Gaseous exchange
Nutrient delivery
Waste removal
Hormone production

33
Q

At which stage of labour does the placenta separate from the wall of the uterus?

A

3rd stage of labour

34
Q

What are the structures in the umbillical cord?

A

2 arteries, 1 vein, Wharton’s jelly

35
Q

Function of umbilical arteries in foetal circulation?

A

Carry deoxygenated blood away from the foetus

36
Q

What structure does the umbilical vein persist as?

A

Ligamentum teres

37
Q

What is the function of umbilical veins in foetal circulation?

A

Carry nutrients and oxygenated blood to the foetus

Reproductive System Anat - OSPE 3 (6 decks)

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