Introduction to Principles of Animal Breeding and Genetics Flashcards
One or two of the alternative forms of a gene that is usually recognizable by phenotypes; different forms of the genes
Allele
that chromosomes are physical carrier of the genes
Chromosomes theory of Inheritance
this is the study of chromosomal structure, location, and function in cells, which includes the study of the number of chromosomes, appearance, physical locations of genes on chromosomes, and chromosomal behavior during cell division.
Cytogenetics
when one allele marks the expression of other alleles
Dominance
inherited factors that determine particular characteristics of an individual
Genes
is a branch of biology that deals with the principles of heredity and variations of living things. The core of biological science that seeks to understand the molecular and physical bases of biological diversity, the mechanisms that result from these diversities, and the principles that govern their heredity from one generation to another.
Genetics
is the study of genes, genetics, inheritance, molecular biology, biochemistry, biological statistics and incorporates the knowledge of advanced technologies, computer science, and mathematics.
Genomics
a cell having different alleles at a given locus on homologous chromosomes
Heterozygous
a cell having identical alleles at a given locus on homologous chromosomes
Homologous
an offspring of a cross between two genetically unlike individuals
Hybrid
crossing of individuals with two contrasting traits
Hydridization
a cross between individuals that have different alleles at one gene
Monohybrid
an allele that does not function when two different alleles are present in the cells of an organism
Recessive
a population that breeds true to a particular character
Pureline/ Pure breed
Is the science of heredity and variation
Genetics
This theory proposed that semen was formed everywhere in a man’s body and such semen is reflected in the characteristics of the body part where it is formed. That semen traveling through the blood vessels into the female reproductive organs. This has been accepted by many biologists of the 19th century including Charles Darwin.
Aristotle’s Theory of Pangenesis
proposed the Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics. The fundamental mechanism of evolutionary change.
Example: Body modifications acquired by use and disuse could be transmitted to progeny because the semen formed reflected such modification.
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
first challenge the theory of Pangenesis. Weisman’s experiments on the inheritance of mice tails showed that cutting off the tails of mice generation after generation produced progeny of normal tail length.
August Weismann’s
important contribution to the science of genetics was the demonstration that the appearance of different characters in heredity followed specific laws that could be determined by counting the diverse kind of offspring produced from any particular set of crosses.
Gregor Mendel
in Germany independently suggested the association of the Mendelian factors with the chromosomes by pointing to the resemblances in behavior between the two.
Walter S. Sutton of USA and Theodore Boveri in Germany
They also demonstrated that each chromosome contained not one but many genes.
Thomas H. Morgan in 1901 and Calvin B. Bridges in 1916
provided the information indicating that Mendel’s principles also applied to animals. Bateson coined the terms genetics, genes and alleles
Bateson, Sanders and Cuenot
-English naturalist who developed the
The scientific theory of evolution by natural selection became the foundation of modern evolutionary studies.
-He established the role of natural variation and natural selection in evolution
- Father of Evolution
Charles Darwin
-He helped discover evolution together with Charles Darwin.
-He believed that animals evolve by adapting to their environment.
-Known for independently conceiving the theory of evolution through natural selection
- Father of biogeography
Alfred Russel Wallace
