DNA , GENES AND CHROMOSOMES Flashcards
contains chromosomes that are visible under the microscope as dark-staining, rod-like or rounded bodies.
Nucleus
occur in pairs in the body cells
Chromosomes
are thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells.
Chromosomes
Swine
19
Goats
30
Dogs
39
Chicken
39
Cattle/ Bovine
30
Sheep/ Ovine
27
Horse
32
Donkey
31
Rabbit
22
Unique structure of chromosomes keeps DNA tightly wrapped around spool-like proteins called
Histones
Huge molecules that hold information
Nucleic acid
is the nucleic acid that holds all the genetic information for organisms
DNA
is a complex molecule composed of deoxyribose, phosphoric acid, and four bases
DNA
Individual genes are located in a fixed position known as
Loci
Are made up of tightly coiled strands of DNA
Chromosomes
is made up of two chromatids and a centromere.
Chromosomes
Are formed from tightly coiled strands of DNA
Chromatids
Each chromosome has a single differentiated region along its length which acts as the point of association between the chromosomes and the spindle. This is the same point at which force is exerted in the separation of dividing chromosomes
Centromere
is a permanent well-defined region of the chromosomes. The position of the centromere along the length of the chromosome contributes to the shape of the chromosomes during cell division: metacentric; acrocentric; or telocentric.
Centromere
The constricted region of linear chromosomes is known as the
Centromere
help to keep chromosomes properly aligned during the complex process of cell division
Centromere
are repetitive stretches of DNA located at the ends of linear chromosomes.
Telomeres
Also play a role in cancer
Telomeres
Is made up of a specific functional sequence of nucleotides which codes for specific proteins
Gene
found in the nucleus of the cell
DNA
Is coiled into a compact structure called chromosomes
DNA
Complete set of blueprints
DNA
Four basic building blocks
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
When the four bases bond together they form a
Double helix ( Ladder)
is one of a pair of genes that appear at a particular location on a particular chromosome and control the same characteristic, such as blood type or color blindness.
Allele
Each gene has two copies which are called
Alleles
is the allele that controls what will happen or which trait is exhibited ( Capital Letter)
Dominant Allele
is the allele that is “overruled” and this trait or function will not be seen because of the dominant allele ( lower case letter)
Recessive allele
This is an organism’s complete set of DNA, including all of its genes.
Genome
contains all of the information needed to build and maintain that organism.
Genome
This is the arrangement that provides a picture of a complete set of chromosomes
Karyotype
It shows the differences in size and banding pattern of chromosomes
Karyotype
This is useful in determining the chromosome number of each species.
Karyotype
Containing genetic information to enable organism to manufacture
DNA
The nucleus of a cell contains chromosomes which carry instructions for the growth and development of an organism
Chromosomes
The versions of genes are called alleles and may be different from each other
Allele
A photographic arrangement of a complete set of chromosomes of a cell or organisms
Karyotype
