introduction to plants

Question 1

are the sources of multiple products
of human society

Answer 1

PLANTS-basic human foods and have been domesticated for millennia. Plants have many cultural and other uses

Question 2

is
responsible for changing global climate.

Answer 2

Accumulation of atmospheric CO2

Question 3

is the
scientific study of plants

Answer 3

BOTANY - , branch of biology that deals with the study of plants, including their structure, properties, and biochemical processes. Also included are plant classification and the study of plant diseases and of interactions with the environment.

Question 4

don’t produce flowers

Answer 4

Conifers (gymnosperms) - Gymnosperms are seed-bearing vascular plants, such as cycads, ginkgo, yews and conifers, in which the ovules or seeds are not enclosed in an ovary. The word “gymnosperm” comes from the Greek word gymnospermos, meaning “naked seeds”.

Question 5

lack true leaves, stems, and roots
and neither mosses or ferns produce flowers.

Answer 5

Mosses - are non-flowering plants which produce spores and have stems and leaves, but don’t have true roots.

Question 6

were once considered plants but
are now excluded.

Answer 6

FUNGI - is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.

Question 7

Was developed by ancient Greek
philosophers. Involves developing logical explanations for
simple observations of the world.
Does not involve any verification of truth.
Only predictions were made without
experimentation. Is problematic because several conclusions
may be equally logical and plausible.

Answer 7

SPECULATIVE PHILOSOPHY - a philosophy professing to be founded upon intuitive or a priori insight and especially insight into the nature of the Absolute or Divine. broadly : a philosophy of the transcendent or one lacking empirical bases

Question 8

slowly developed
starting before the 1400s, with four basic
tenets.
Source of information
Phenomena that can be studied
Constancy and universality
Based on skepticism

Answer 8

SCIENTIFIC METHOD - is the process of objectively establishing facts through testing and experimentation.

Question 9

Information must be derived only from carefully
documented and controlled observations or
experiments.

Any claim must be subject to verification and proof.

Answer 9

SOURCE OF INFORMATION

Question 10

Only tangible phenomena and observations may
be studied.

Anything that cannot be observed (or detected by
an instrument) cannot be studied.

Answer 10

PHENOMENA THAT CAN BE STUDIED

Question 11

Physical forces that control the world are constant
through time and the same everywhere.

Experiments done at one place and time should give
the same results if carefully repeated at a different
time and place.

Constancy and universality allow us to plan future
experiments and predict what the outcome should
be.

Answer 11

CONTANCY AND UNIVERSATILITY

Question 12

The fundamental basis of the scientific method is
skepticism.

Skepticism is never being certain of a conclusion
and of always being willing to consider new
evidence.

Answer 12

BASIS - SKEPTICISM

Question 13

must make predictions that
can be tested.

Answer 13

HYPOTHESIS - is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon.

Question 14

develops from a hypothesis that
consistently matches observations and
garners greater confidence.

Answer 14

THEORY - is a rational type of abstract thinking about a phenomenon, or the results of such thinking.

Question 15

Describing, naming and
classifying plants

Answer 15

PLANTS TAXONOMY - is the science of naming organisms and placing them in a hierarchical structure,

Question 16

Developing methods
for classifying and naming plants

Answer 16

PLANT SYSTEMATICS - is a science that includes and encompasses traditional taxonomy; however, its primary goal is to reconstruct the evolutionary history of plant life.

Question 17

Form and structure of
plants

Answer 17

Plant Morphology- is the study of the physical form and external structure of plants.

Question 18

Internal structure of
plants

Answer 18

Plant Anatomy - the study of the tissue and cell structure of plant organs.

Question 19

How plants function (photosynthesis, mineral nutrition)

Answer 19

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY - is a subdiscipline of botany concerned with the functioning, or physiology, of plants.

Question 20

Structures, functions, and life processes of plant cells

Answer 20

Plant Cell biology

Question 21

Cell structure and function

Answer 21

Cell Biology

Question 22

Structures and functions of important biological molecules (proteins, nucleic acids)

Answer 22

Plant molecular biology -

Question 23

Plant heredity and variation

Answer 23

PLANT GENETICS - is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity specifically in plants.

Question 24

Plant heredity and variation

Answer 24

PLANT GENETICS - is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity specifically in plants.

Question 25

Interrelationships among plants, and between plants and their environment

Answer 25

Plant ecology - is a subdiscipline of ecology which studies the distribution and abundance of plants, the effects of environmental factors upon the abundance of plants, and the interactions among and between plants and other organisms.

Question 26

Practical uses of plants and plant products Still vast amounts of botanical information yet to be discovered

Answer 26

Economic Botany and Ethnobotany - is the interaction of people with plants. Economic botany is closely related to the field of ethnobotany

Question 27

Plant distributions

Answer 27

PLANT GEOGRAPHY - The study of the spatial distributions of plants and vegetation and of the environmental relationships which may influence these distributions.

Question 28

were originally simple and increased in complexity through evolution by natural selection.

Answer 28

ORGANISMS - a living thing made up of one or more cells and able to carry on the activities of life

Question 29

Organisms reproduce and have non-identical offspring whose features pass to more offspring. Offspring with features that are well-adapted to the environment reproduce more.

Answer 29

NATURAL SELECTION = is the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change. I

Question 30

Organisms reproduce and have non-identical offspring whose features pass to more offspring. Offspring with features that are well-adapted to the environment reproduce more.

Answer 30

NATURAL SELECTION = is the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change. I

Question 31

Life on Earth began about 3.5 billion years ago with

Answer 31

prokaryotes (bacteria and archaeans). - are organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and other organelles.

Question 32

arose 2.8 billion years ago in a cyanobacterium.

Answer 32

PHOTOSYNTHESIS - is the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.

Question 33

have nuclei (plants, fungi, animals, algae).

Answer 33

EUKARYOTES - are organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Question 34

All organisms fit into three large groups called

Answer 34

DOMAINS - BACTERIA, ARCHEA, EUKARYA

Question 35

evolved into plants and algae.

Answer 35

THOSE WITH MITHOCHONDRIA AND CHLOROPLAST

Question 36

evolved into protozoans, fungi, and animals.

Answer 36

THOSE WITH MITHOCHONDRIA

Question 37

Features that seem relatively unchanged are

Answer 37

relictual features or plesiomorphic features.

Question 38

SPECIES OF PLANTS TAHT EXIST TODAY

Answer 38

OVER 297,000

Question 39

major impacts on the environment:

Answer 39

Drained wetlands
Cleared natural vegetation
Dumped wastes and pollution
Used pesticides and herbicides