chapter 3 Flashcards
is the transfer of basic
nutrients from cell to cell.
Short-distance transport
usually via xylem and phloem,
is adaptive for land plants.
Long-distance transport,
make it
selectively advantageous
for shoots to grow upright.
Vascular tissues
inhibit movement
of substances.
Isolation
mechanisms
prevent
harmful
minerals
diffusing
inward. in the roots
Casparian
strips
is the random movement of particles in
solution from areas of high concentration
to areas of low concentration
Diffusion
Diffusion through a selectively permeable
membrane is technically known as
osmosis
allow
only certain
substances to pass
through.
Selectively
permeable
membranes
Water molecules
pass through all
membranes, but
pass more rapidly
if the membrane
has protein
channels called
aquaporins
To move molecules against their gradient, energy
(via ATP) is necessary; this is
active transport
can be a means of intracellular transport.
vesicles
either primary or secondary, are
always strong enough to resist breakage by water absorption
cell wall
is the point at which the protoplast has lost
enough water to pull slightly away from the wall.
Incipient plasmolysis
If the cell continues to lose water, the protoplast pulls completely
away from the wall and shrinks.
The cell is
plasmolyzed.
Living plant cells pass some materials to each other
through
plasmodesmata
are cells surrounding each stoma. They help to regulate the rate of transpiration by opening and closing the stomata
guard cells
The location of flexure is either the entire midrib or either point of
petiole attachment, “joints,” called
motor cells
are specialized parenchyma cells that have an increased surface area, due to infoldings of the plasma membrane.
transfer cells
Within sources of most plants, sugars are loaded
into ____________ via active transport or
polymer trapping.
sieve tube members
are the cells associated with the sieve tube elements.
companion cells
is a type of tissue consists of cells that carry out an essential function.
parenchyma cells.
The actual amount of sugars and other nutrients (excluding water)
transported by phloem per hour is called the
mass transfer
As sugars accumulate in the STM a disequilibrium builds and water
moves into the STM as a result.
Pressure produced by water movement into these cells causes the
protoplasm
P-protein plugs or_____ may plug the
sieve plate or sieve area
callose
consists primarily of sugars, hormones, and mineral elements dissolved in water. It flows from where carbohydrates are produced or stored (sugar source) to where they are used (sugar sinks).
phloem sap
Storage cells do not accumulate sugar as
sucrose
are groups of cells that will form into new leaves.
Leaf primordia
The polar covalent bonds of water
molecules are responsible for both its
cohesive and adhesive nature. true or false.
True
is the most
widely accepted model for transport of water
through the xylem.
the cohesion
Water unavoidably escapes through stomata; this is
called
transstomatal transpiration.
is one of the two types of transport tissue in vascular plants, the other being phloem.
xylem
If both soil and air are dry, stomata may close, but _______ still occurs.
cuticular transpiration
the loss of water in the form of water vapor through the cuticle is known as
cuticular transpiration
Hydrogen bonding is
broken over a large
area, and the water
column breaks.
This breaking is called
cavitation
