Introduction to Physiology

Question 1

physiology

Answer 1

the study of normal biological functioning of living systems (study of organisms and their parts)

Question 2

pathophysiology

Answer 2

disordered physiological processes (normally associated with disease or injury)

Question 3

What are the levels of organization?

Answer 3

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 4

chemical level

Answer 4

when atoms combine to form molecules

Question 5

cellular level

Answer 5

When cells are made up of molecules. Consists of membrane bound nucleus and cytoplasm. cytoplasm consists of organelles and cytosol

Question 6

tissue level

Answer 6

when tissues consist of cells preforming similar functions

Question 7

organ level

Answer 7

consists of 2 or more tissues that preforms a specific function

Question 8

organ system level

Answer 8

collection of organs that oreform a specific function

Question 9

organismal level

Answer 9

made up of many organ systems

Question 10

homeostasis

Answer 10

The ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in response to changing internal or external conditions

Question 11

_________ is the key unifying concept in all aspects of physiology.

Answer 11

homeostasis

Question 12

when a particular biological measurement significantly deviates from normal rage what happens?

Answer 12

homeostasis is not maintained and disease could occur

Question 13

what is an example of homeostasis in the body?

Answer 13

body temperature control

Question 14

What three things does regulation/homeostasis involve?

Answer 14

sensor, integrator/control center, and effector

Question 15

what does the sensor in homeostasis do?

Answer 15

receives information regarding a specific property

Question 16

what does the control center in homeostasis do?

Answer 16

Detects changes from “normal” set point range for the specific property

Question 17

what does the effector in homeostasis do?

Answer 17

the action to counter the deviation’s of the specific property from set point to maintain homeostasis

Question 18

what is homeostasis maintained by?

Answer 18

negative feedback

Question 19

what causes type 2 diabetes?

Answer 19

Cells in muscle, fat and the liver become resistant to insulin.

Question 20

what causes type 1 diabetes?

Answer 20

caused by the destruction of beta cells

Question 21

negative feedback

Answer 21

the process by which the deviation of a property from a specific predetermined set point level is opposed, thereby tending to keep the property at the set point level

Question 22

what is an example of negative feedback? how does it work?

Answer 22

Glucose regulatory system. When blood glucose concentration increases, the pancreas beta-cells start to secrete more insulin.

Question 23

antagonistic effectors

Answer 23

causes opposite changes

Question 24

positive feedback

Answer 24

enhances or amplifies a change in the body (tends to move a system away from equilibrium state and make it more unstable

Question 25

what is an example of positive feedback? explain

Answer 25

Labor. Head of the baby pushes against the cervix. then nerve impulses from the cervix are transmitted to the brain. brain stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete oxytocin. Oxytocin is carries through the bloodstream to the uterus. oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions and pushes the baby towards the cervix.