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Physical Pharmacy > Introduction to Physical Pharmacy > Flashcards

Introduction to Physical Pharmacy Flashcards

1
Q

concerned with the entire process of
converting drugs into medicines.

A

Pharmaceutics

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2
Q

This requires the following:
* Understanding of the basic physical chemistry necessary for the
efficient design of dosage forms.
* The design and formulation of medicines.
* The manufacture of these medicines on both small (compound) and
large (pharmaceutical technology) scale.
* The cultivation, avoidance, and elimination of microorganisms in
medicines.

A

Pharmaceutics

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3
Q

is a substance recognized in an official
pharmacopoeia or formulary

intended for use in the diagnosis, cure,
mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease

other than food, intended to affect the
structure or function of the body

intended for use as a component of a medicine but not
a device or a component, part, or accessory of a device

A

Drug

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4
Q

Chemical compound with
pharmacological (or other direct
effect ) intended for used in
diagnosis, treatment or prevention
of diseases

International nonproprietary names
(INN, “generic” names)

A

ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL

INGREDIENT

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5
Q

“inactive” ingredients
For technological, biopharmaceutical
and/or stability reasons
Eg. Diluents/fillers, binders, lubricants,
disintegrants, coatings, preservatives and
stabilizers, colorants and flavourings
May elicit response, hence should always be stated
(i.e. in the case of allergies)
help deliver API effectively

A

PHARMACEUTICAL
EXCPIENT/ADDITIVES

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6
Q

Physical form
ex: tablets, powder, liquid, suspension, etc.

A

Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

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7
Q

formed by
technological processing (drug formulation)
must therapeutic intentions, route of administration,
dosing, etc.

A

drug delivery system

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8
Q

Routes of
Administration

Drug Delivery System

A

INTRAVASCULAR ADMINISTRATION
EXTRAVASCULAR ADMINISTRATION

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9
Q

Intravenous (IV) Administration

A

INTRAVASCULAR ADMINISTRATION

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10
Q

Intra-arterial (IA) Administration

A

INTRAVASCULAR ADMINISTRATION

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11
Q

Intracardiac (IC) Administration

A

INTRAVASCULAR ADMINISTRATION

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12
Q

ORAL

A

Enteral Administration
EXTRAVASCULAR ADMINISTRATION

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12
Q

SUBLINGUAL

A

Enteral Administration
EXTRAVASCULAR ADMINISTRATION

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12
Q

RECTAL or SUPPOSITORY

A

Enteral Administration
EXTRAVASCULAR ADMINISTRATION

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13
Q

BUCCAL

A

Enteral Administration
EXTRAVASCULAR ADMINISTRATION

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14
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS

A

Parenteral Administration
EXTRAVASCULAR ADMINISTRATION

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15
Q

INTRAMUSCULAR

A

Parenteral Administration
EXTRAVASCULAR ADMINISTRATION

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16
Q

INTRADERMAL- PENICILLIN TEST

A

Parenteral Administration
EXTRAVASCULAR ADMINISTRATION

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17
Q

INTRAPERITONEAL-NAGDADAYALISIS

A

Parenteral Administration
EXTRAVASCULAR ADMINISTRATION

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18
Q

INTRAOCULAR-EYES

A

Parenteral Administration
EXTRAVASCULAR ADMINISTRATION

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19
Q

INTRATHECAL-BUNTIS AND ADMINISTRATION NG ANESTHESIA

A

Parenteral Administration
EXTRAVASCULAR ADMINISTRATION

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20
Q

INHALATIONALS

A

EXTRAVASCULAR ADMINISTRATION

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21
Q

Intranasal

A

EXTRAVASCULAR ADMINISTRATION

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22
Q

Topical & Transdermal

A

EXTRAVASCULAR ADMINISTRATION

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23
Q

Vaginal

A

EXTRAVASCULAR ADMINISTRATION

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24
Q

Urethral

A

EXTRAVASCULAR ADMINISTRATION

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25
Q
  • To protect the drug substance from the destructive influences of
    atmospheric oxygen or humidity (coated tablets, sealed ampules)
  • To protect the drug substance from the destructive influence of
    gastric acid after oral administration (enteric-coated tablets)
  • To conceal the bitter, salty, or offensive taste or odor of a drug
    substance (capsules, coated tablets, flavored syrups)
A

DOSAGE FORMS

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25
Q

Ocular and Otic

A

EXTRAVASCULAR ADMINISTRATION

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26
Q
  • To protect the drug substance from the destructive influences of
    atmospheric oxygen or humidity
A

(coated tablets, sealed ampules)

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27
Q

To protect the drug substance from the destructive influence of
gastric acid after oral administration

A

(enteric-coated tablets)

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28
Q

To conceal the bitter, salty, or offensive taste or odor of a drug
substance

A

(capsules, coated tablets, flavored syrups)

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29
Q
  • To provide liquid preparations of drug substances, either as
    dispersions (suspensions) or as clear preparations (solutions)
  • To provide rate-controlled drug action (various controlled-release
    tablets, capsules, and suspensions)
  • To provide optimal drug action from topical administration sites
    (ointments, creams, transdermal patches, and ophthalmic, ear, and
    nasal preparations)
A

DOSAGE FORMS

30
Q

To provide for insertion of a drug into one of the body’s orifices
(rectal or vaginal suppositories)
* To provide for placement of drugs directly in the bloodstream or body
tissues (injections)
* To provide for optimal drug action through inhalation therapy
(inhalants and inhalation aerosols)

A

DOSAGE FORMS

31
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF

DOSAGE FORMS

A

Solid Oral Dosage Forms
Liquid Dosage Forms
Gaseous Dosage Forms
Semi-solid Dosage Forms
DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

32
Q

Powders and
Granules
Tablet
Capsule
Modified-Release

A

Solid Oral Dosage Forms

33
Q

Liquid Dosage Forms

A

Solutions

Dispersed Systems

Colloidal Systems

34
Q

Gaseous Dosage Forms

A

Gases

Aerosols

35
Q

Semi-solid Dosage Forms

A

Solid -Powder
Liquid- solutions
Solutions- Aqueous solution, Alcoholic tincture

36
Q

Dermatologicals

A

Paste
Oily paste
Ointment
cream
Lotion
Hydrogel

37
Q

Ointment

A

lipophilic Ointment
Hydrophilic Ointment

38
Q

Cream

A

Lipophilic cream
Hydrophilic cream

39
Q

Lotion

A

Suspension
Emulsion

40
Q

concerned with the use of physico-chemical principles as
applied to various branches of
pharmacy

A

Physical Pharmacy

41
Q

The difference between a physical reaction and a chemical reaction
is

A

composition.

42
Q

Color
Smell
Freezing point
Boiling point
Melting point
Capacitance
Density
Volume
Mass
Viscosity
Etc.

A

Physical Properties

43
Q

Chemical Properties

A

Reactivity
Flammability
Heat of Combustion
Oxidation states
Coordination Number
Half-life
Etc.

44
Q

Intramolecular Forces of Attraction

A

Ionic
Covalent

45
Q

transfer of electrons between a metal & nonmetal
usually observed in the formation of salts

A

Ionic

46
Q

sharing of electrons between two nonmetals
responsible for numerous organic compounds

A

Covalent

47
Q

Intermolecular Forces of Attraction

A

Binding Forces
Attractive Forces

48
Q

Binding Forces

A

Cohesion
Adhesion
Repulsion

49
Q

Attractive Forces

A

van Der Waal Forces
Hydrogen Bonding
Ion-Dipole
Ion-Induced dipole

50
Q

equal

A

nonpolar

51
Q

Weak forces that involve displacement of charge
Exist in all molecules and atoms

A

Van der Waals Forces

52
Q

unequal

A

polar

53
Q

Dipole-Dipole

A

Keesom Forces

54
Q

Dipole-Induced dipole

A

Debye Forces

55
Q

Induced dipole-Induced dipole

A

London Forces

56
Q

electrostatic interaction of H with highly electronegative atoms (S, N, Cl, F, O)
accounts for unusual properties of water
Strong IMF
Partly covalent as the electron of the H atom is substantially delocalized to the
electronegative atom

Indicative of solubility in water
↑ hydrogen bonds = ↑ solubility in water
↑ C chain = ↓ H-bonding = ↓ solubility in water

A

Hydrogen Bonds

57
Q

polar molecules are attracted to either positive or negative charges
occurs when a salt is dissolved in a polar solvent

A

Ion-Dipole Interaction

58
Q

induced by close proximity of a charged ion to the nonpolar molecules

Example: formation of the iodide complex (I2 + K+I

  • → K+I3-
A

Ion-Induced dipole Interaction

59
Q

h20

A

keesom
hydrogen bond

60
Q

CCl4

A

LDF

61
Q

SO2

A

KEESOM

62
Q

LiF

A

Ionic Bond

63
Q

Ca(NO3) aqueous solution

A

Ion dipole

64
Q

HF

A

Keesom
Hydrogen bond

65
Q

PCL3

A

LDF

66
Q

Keesom Forces

A

Water, ethanol, HCl (gas), phenol

67
Q

Debye Forces

A

Ethyl acetate, ether, methylene chloride

68
Q

London Forces

A

Carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, hexane

69
Q

depend on the mass

A

Extensive Property

70
Q

do not depend on the mass

A

Intensive Property

71
Q

Extensive Property

A

1.Mass

2.Length

3.Volume

72
Q

Intensive Property

A

4.Temperature

5.Pressure

6.Density

7.Viscosity

8.Surface tension

9.Specific gravity

10.Color

73
Q

depends on the total contribution of the amount in the molecules
molecular weight, mass

A

Additive

74
Q

depends on the arrangement and on the number and kind of atoms within a
molecule.
fractive index, optical rotation

A

Constitutive

75
Q

depends on the number of solute in a solution.
vapor pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, osmosis

A

Colligative

Physical Pharmacy (4 decks)

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