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Philosophy > Introduction to Philosophy > Flashcards

Introduction to Philosophy Flashcards

1
Q

Is the science that by natural light of reason studies the first causes or highest principles of all things.

A

Philosophy

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2
Q

It is called _ because the investigation is systematic

A

Science

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3
Q

The philosopher uses his natural capacity to think or simply human reason alone or the so called unaided reason

A

Natural Ligight of Reason

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4
Q

This sets the distinction between philosophy from other sciences

A

Study of all things

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5
Q

A principle is that from which something proceeds in any manner whatsoever

A

First Cause or Hight Principle

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6
Q

Whatever is is, and whatever is not is not; everything is what it is. Everything is it’s own being, and not being is not being

A

Principle of Identity

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7
Q

It is impossible for a thing to be and not to be at the same time, and at the same respect

A

Principle of Non-Contradiction

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8
Q

A thing is either or is not; everything must be either be or not be; between being and not-being, there is no middle ground possible

A

Principle of Excluded Middle

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9
Q

Nothing exist without a sufficient reason for its being and existence

A

Principle of Sufficient Reason

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10
Q

Limited to the ideas and outlook of a single party or a single age

A

A narrow provincialism of mind

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11
Q

The Branches of Phylosophy

A

Metaphysics
Ethics
Epistemology
Logic
Aesthetic

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12
Q

Deals with the first principles of things including abstract concepts such as being knowing substance, cause identity, time, and space.

A

Metaphysics

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13
Q

He claims that everything we experience is water which call “reality”. Everything else is appearance when then sent out to try to explain everything else

A

Thales

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14
Q

According to him “Nothing we experience in the physical world with our five senses is real”

A

Plato

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15
Q

the discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad and morally right and wrong. The term is also applied to any system or theory of moral values or principles

A

Ethics

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16
Q

Obey moral code

A

Religion

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17
Q

The author of Lifting the Veil -problem of the Negro or Double Conciousness

A

Du Bois

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18
Q

Whole expression⭕

A

Thesis

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19
Q

Black soul🔺

A

Antethesis

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20
Q

Blacks conciousness of freedom🔺(o)

A

Synthesis

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21
Q

deals with the nature, origin, and scope of knowledge

A

Epistemology

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22
Q

Specific to general

A

Induction

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23
Q

General to specific

A

Deduction

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24
Q

is a philosophical approach that evaluates theories or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application. It emphasizes the usefulness and practical impact of ideas and actions over abstract principles. In essence, if a concept or action works well in practice, it is considered valid or true

A

Pragmatism

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25
Q

They believe that value in use is the real test of trust

A

William James and John Dewey

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26
Q

Greek word _(coined by Zeno, the stoic) refers the science of art of reasoning

A

Logike

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27
Q

It is an arguments and claims need to be evaluated closely and weighed to determine whether they involve correct reasoning.

A

Logic

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28
Q

Science of beauty

A

Aesthetic

29
Q

3 Great original of Philosophy in the world

A

Greek
China
Indian

30
Q

Greek Triumvirates

A

Plato
Aristotle
Socrates

31
Q

3 dimensions of Filipino Thought

A

Loob
Filipino Philosophy of Time
Bahala Na

32
Q

Holistic and interior kagandahang-loob, kabutihang-loob, and kalooban terms that show sharing of ones self to others

A

Loob

33
Q

Filipino time is always delayed I the committee time arrival

A

Filipino Philosophy of Time

34
Q

Subconsciously accepts. Surrender it to the all mighty

A

Bahala Na

35
Q

the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth sometimes called reincarnation

A

Samsara

36
Q

He founded phenomology- focuses on careful inspection and description of phenomena or appearances

A

Edmund Husserl

37
Q

Entities the phychologistic view and proposes to replace it with his own conception “pure logic” as prior framework

A

Logical Investigation

38
Q

German philosophy, had used the word to refer to the world of our experience

A

Immanuel Kant

39
Q

Husserls intentionality (enumerate)

A

Intentional Acts of Consciousness
Intentional Objects of Consciousness
Intentional Content of Consciousness

40
Q

First and best known is the _ or suspension that he describes in ideas: “General Introduction to Pure Phenomenology”

A

Epoche Reduction

41
Q

Eliminates the merely empirical contents of consciousness and focuses instead on the essential

A

Ederic Reduction

42
Q

hold that humans have no pregiven purpose or essence laid out for them by God or by nature; it is up to each one of us to decide who and what we are through our own actions

A

Existentialism

43
Q

Danish Philosopher insisted that the authentic self was the personally chosen self

A

Kierkegaard

44
Q

A French philosopher emphasizes the importance of free individual choice

A

John-Paul Sartre

45
Q

Spiritual nature of true self

A

St. Augustino

46
Q

a term that refers to a self-
conscious cultural movement that reacted against the principles and ideals of the modernist movements in literature, art, architecture, film, philosophy, etc.

A

Postmoderism

47
Q

also called linguistic philosophy means the common experience and ordinary language to analyse concepts and language in philosophy.

A

Analytic Tradition

48
Q

Analysis and constructive of arguments

A

Logic

49
Q

Distinguish facts and opinions or personal feelings

A

Critical thinking

50
Q

common errors in reasoning that will undermine the logic of your argument

A

Fallicies

51
Q

a German Philosopher, argues that our tastes and judgements regarding beauty, work in connection with one’s own personal experience and culture.

A

Hans-Georg Gadamer

52
Q

interiority manifests itself in freedom. Loob puts one in touch with his fellow beings. Great Philippine values, in fact, are essentially interpersonal; the values of loyalty, hospitality, pakikisama (camaraderie, conformism), and respect to authority;

A

Mercado (1992)

53
Q

appealing to a person’s unfortunate circumstances or exploiting/targeting the listener’s emotions to gain sympathy

A

Appeal to Pity (Argumentum ad Misericordiam)-

54
Q

argument that offers lack of evidence as if it were evidence to the contrary; “Because there is no evidence saying otherwise or against mine, I stand correct.”

A

Appeal to Ignorance (Argumentum ad Ignorantiam)-

55
Q

use of the same word/s in different contexts but mean different things; vagueness of words

A

Equivocation-

56
Q

assuming that what is true for the individual parts is true for the whole (specific to general)

A

Composition-

57
Q

assuming that what is true for the whole is applicable to the parts/individual members (general to specific)

A

Division-

58
Q

irrelevantly attacking the person or an aspect of his/her instead of addressing the argument itself; taking it personally

A

Against the Person (Argumentum ad Hominem)-

59
Q

arguer appeals to violence or the threat of force to make someone accept a conclusion; rational argument is thrown out the window

A

Appeal to Force (Argumentum ad Baculum)

60
Q

claiming that something is true simply because it is what a large number of people believe; appeal to common belief/bandwagoning

A

Appeal to People (Argumentum ad Populum)-

61
Q

assumption that a relation exists between two things/events when either such relationship does not exist or evidence supporting it is insufficient; “Because Situation A happened, it resulted in Situation B”

A

False Cause (Post Hoc)

62
Q

jumping into conclusions without enough evidence to back it up; leads to unjustified/inaccurate generalizations

A

Hasty Generalization

63
Q

conclusion is assumed to be in one of the premises; circular reasoning
e.g. “Women are always right because men are always wrong.”

A

Begging the Question (Petitio Principii)

64
Q

aims to inform/state a fact as is

A

Cognitive Meaning

65
Q

amplifying the emotions so the reason gets overlooked

A

Emotive Meaning-

66
Q

Ways of Informing People

A

Cognitive Meaning
Emotive Meaning-

67
Q

essential goodness of natural self in contrast to the “corruption” imposed by society

A

JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU

68
Q

refers to a method owing a great deal to the pioneers— Bertrand Russell, G.E. Moore, Wittgenstein, and J.L. Austin

A

Analysis

Philosophy (2 decks)

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