Introduction to Pharmacology

Question 1

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

what the body does to the drug; absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination

Question 2

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 2

what the drug does to the body

Question 3

Therapeutic Index

Answer 3

LD 50/ED 50

Question 4

Therapeutic Window

Answer 4

TD 50/ED 50 - minimum toxic concentration/minimum effective concentration

Question 5

Chemical Bond Strength

Answer 5

Covalent
Ionic
Hydrogen
Hydrophobic 
van der Waals

Question 6

Interaction Antagonism

Answer 6

1 + 1 = 0

Question 7

Interaction Potentiation

Answer 7

1 + 0 = 3

Question 8

Interaction Synergism

Answer 8

1 + 1 = 3

Question 9

Interaction Addition

Answer 9

1 + 1 = 2

Question 10

Down - Regulation

Answer 10

continued simulation with agonist results in a reduced of receptors, subsequent exposure is diminished

Question 11

Up - Regulation

Answer 11

continued administration with antagonist results in an increased number of receptors, causes the development of tolerance

Question 12

pKa

Answer 12

ionization constant
0 = 50/50
0.5 = 75/25
>1 = 99/1

Question 13

Functional Tolerance

Answer 13

‘pharmacodynamics tolerance’ - change in tissue sensitivity

Question 14

Dispositional Tolerance

Answer 14

‘pharmacokinetic tolerance’ - can in absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion

Question 15

Phase 1 Metabolism

Answer 15

oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis

usually form active toxic metabolites

Question 16

Phase 2 Metabolism

Answer 16

conjugation, synthesis

usually form inactive polar metabolites

Question 17

First Order Pharmacokinetics

Answer 17

half-life: it takes the same amount of time to reduce the concentration by 50%, no matter how much drug

Question 18

Zero-Order Elimination

Answer 18

constant amount is eliminated over time

Question 19

alpha half-life

Answer 19

redistribution half-life of the drug

Question 20

beta half-life

Answer 20

after the drug is distributed; due to metabolism

Question 21

4 categories of patients with protein deficiency

Answer 21

• malnutrition
• liver disease
• kidney disease
• 3rd trimester of pregnancy

Question 22

protein binding: acidic versus basic drugs

Answer 22

• acidic drugs = albumin

- basic drugs = AAG

Question 23

protein binding _____ is significant

Answer 23

> 90%

Question 24

volume of distribution

Answer 24

<0.6 = low, not lipid soluble
>0.6 = high, lipid soluble