Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histopathology > Introduction to Pathology > Flashcards

Introduction to Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Body cells are divided in to two main types:

A

epithelial and mesenchymal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

First published cellular theory of disease, bringing in the concept that diseases occur due to abnormalities at the level of cells

A

Virchow, 1859

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Most forms of diseases begin with _____ followed by ______

A

cell injury
consequent loss of cellular formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Defined as a variety of stresses a cell encounters as a result of changes in its internal and external environment

A

cell injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In general, cells of the body has ______ to deal with changes in environment to an extent

A

inbuilt mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When there is an increased functional demand, the cell may _____ to the changes which are expressed morphologically and then revert back to normal after stress is removed.

A

adapt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When he stress is mild to moderate, the injured cell may _______ , while when the injury is persistent ____ may occur or (____)

A

recover (reversible cell injury)
death (irreversible cell injury)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The residual effects of reversible cell injury may persist in the cell as evidence of cell injury at _____, or ______

A

subcellular changes
intracellular accumulations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The cells may be broadly injured by two major ways:

A

genetic causes
acquired causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The acquired causes of cell injury can be further categorized as under:

A
  1. Hypoxia and Ischaemia
  2. Physical agents
  3. Chemical and drugs
  4. Microbial agents
  5. Immunologic agents
  6. Nutritional derangements
  7. Aging
  8. Psychogenic diseases
  9. Iatrogenic causes
  10. Idiopathic diseases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

It means deficiency of oxygen

A

Hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

It is the most common cause of cell injury, that may result to ischaemia

A

Hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The most common mechanism of hypoxic cell injury is by reduced supply of blood to cells due to interruption

A

Ischaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CDK means

A

cyclin dependent kinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hypoxia may result from other causes as well as:

A

disorders of oxygen-carrying RBCs
heart diseases
lung diseases
increased demand of tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Physical agents in causation of disease are as under:

A
  1. Mechanical trauma
  2. Thermal trauma
  3. Electricity; radiation
  4. Rapid changes in atmospheric pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This can lead to impaired disability of the cells to undergo replication and repair, and ultimately lead to cell death culminating in death of the individual

A

Cellular aging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Example of this include occurrence of disease or death due to error in judgment by the physician and untoward effects of administered therapy (drugs, radiation)

A

Iatrogenic causes

19
Q

It means “unknown of cause”

A

Idiopathic

20
Q

Cell physiologic and pathologic adaptations occur by the following processes:

A

decreasing or increasing their size (atrophy & hypertrophy)
increasing their number (hyperplasia)

21
Q

Postfix means nourishment

A

-trophy

22
Q

Postfix means growth of new cells

A

-plasia

23
Q

Prefix word means transformation

A

meta-

24
Q

Prefix word means bad development

A

dys-

25
Q

In general, the adaptive responses are _______ on _____

A

reversible on withdrawal stimulus

26
Q

Various mechanisms which may be involved in adaptive cellular responses include the following:

A
  1. altered cell surface receptor binding
  2. alterations in signal for protein synthesis
  3. Synthesis of new proteins by the target cell such as heat shock proteins (HSPs)
27
Q

Cellular death due to necrosis does not follow the ______, but rather various receptors are activated, in result in the loss of cell membrane integrity and an uncontrolled release of products of cell death into the cellular space

A

Apoptopic signal transduction pathway

28
Q

Necrosis initiates in the surrounding tissue an inflammatory response which attracts leukocytes and nearby phagocytes which eliminated the dead cells by ______

A

phagocytosis

29
Q

A classic example of necrosis

A

Gangrene

30
Q

A procedure that is known to remove necrotic tissue surgically

A

debridement

31
Q

Types of necrosis

A
  1. Coagulative necrosis
  2. Colliquative necrosis
  3. Caseous necrosis
  4. Gangrenous necrosis
  5. Fibrinoid necrosis
  6. Fat necrosis
32
Q

a type of necrosis that is characterized by the formation of gelatinous (gel-like) substance in dead tissues in which the architecture of the tissue is maintained

A

Coagulative necrosis

33
Q

Coagulative necrosis can be observed by what microscopy?

A

Light microscopy

34
Q

It occurs as a result of protein denaturation, causing albumin to transform into a firm and opaque state (e.g., Myocardial Infarction)

A

Coagulation

35
Q

A type of necrosis that is characterized by the digestion of dead cells to form a viscous liquid mass

A

Colliquative necrosis

36
Q

A type of necrosis with an infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis which interacts with macrophages. The necrotic tissue appears as white and friable, like clumped cheese

A

Caseous necrosis

37
Q

Necrosis to the appendage, usually the limbs

A

Gangrenous necrosis

38
Q

Is a special form of necrosis usually caused by immune-mediated vascular damage- smooth muscular necrosis, fibrin release (malignant hypertension)

A

Fibrinoid necrosis

39
Q

Is a specialized necrosis of fat tissue, resulting from the action of activated lipases on fatty tissue such as the pancreas.

A

Fat necrosis

40
Q

Nuclear changes related to necrosis:

A
  1. Margination of chromatin
  2. Pyknosis
  3. Karyolysis
  4. Karyorrhexis
41
Q

Chromatin condending arround the periphery of the nucleus

A

Margination of chromatin

42
Q

Small and dense nuclei

A

Pyknosis

43
Q

Complete lysis of the nuclei

A

Karyolysis

44
Q

Nuclei fragmentation (generally seen in apoptosis)

A

Karyorrhexis

Histopathology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions