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Histopathology > Inflammation and Disorders of Growth > Flashcards

Inflammation and Disorders of Growth Flashcards

1
Q

Latin word that means to set fire

A

Inflammare

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2
Q

Universal response to tissue damage by wide range of harmful stimuli mechanical trauma, tissue necrosis and infection

A

Inflammation

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3
Q

Purpose of inflammation

A
  1. To destroy (or contain) the damaging agent
  2. To initiate repair processes
  3. To return the damaged tissue to useful function
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4
Q

Causes of inflammation:

A
  1. Living organisms
  2. Chemicals
  3. Mechanical and thermal injuries
  4. Immune reactions
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5
Q

Changes during inflammation:

A
  1. Blood vessel changes
  2. Changes in blood stream
  3. Changes in rate of flow
  4. Leukocytic emigration
  5. Diapedesis of RBCs
  6. Serum exudation
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6
Q

Changes of inflammation:

momentary contraction of the blood vessel

A

Blood vessel changes

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7
Q

vessels dilate causing more arterial blood

A

hyperemia

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8
Q

Changes of inflammation:

increased permeability of venules and capillaries

A

blood vessels changes

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9
Q

Changes of inflammation:

changes in erythrocyte distribution

A

Changes in blood stream

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10
Q

Mechanisms of leukocytes margination (pavement) is either:

A

a. WBCs gets adhesive
b. Capillary wall gets sticky (endothelium gets sticky)

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11
Q

Changes of inflammation:

Accelerate of the rate due to arteriolar dilation

A

Changes in rate of flow

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12
Q

Retardation of rate flow is due to:

A
  1. fluid loss leads to increased blood viscosity
  2. leukocyte stickiness
  3. stasis; exudation
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13
Q

Changes of inflammation:

ameboid movement of leukocytes towards the site of inflammation

A

leukocytic emigration

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14
Q

cause of leukocytic emigration

A

chemotractic forces

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15
Q

process of attraction of leukocytes to certain area that has the chemotactic substances

A

Chemotaxis

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16
Q

The action of neutrophils are

A

phagocytic

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17
Q

phagocytic power is shown toward

A

bacteria

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18
Q

large number of this are killed by bacterial toxins

A

neutrophils

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19
Q

production of pus

A

suppuration or purulent exudate

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20
Q

this produces pus

A

neutrophils

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21
Q

these cells present in the parasitic infection and hypersensitivity due to release of eosiniphils chemotactic factor from mast cells when intact with Ag+IgE to mast cells and release of histamine

A

Eosinophils

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22
Q

It is phagocytes cells inside the blood and when reach to the cells and tissue it will become macrophage cells or called histiocytes

A

monocytes

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23
Q

the function of this is to phagocytes foreign bodies

A

monocytes

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24
Q

they fuse to form multinucleated giant cells (langhan’s giant cell)

A

monocytes

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25
Q

it is similar to macrophage and similar to epithelial cells close to each other with no different borders between its cytoplasm and they tend to have small nucleus

A

Epithelioid cells

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26
Q

these cells are no phagocytic cells but release lysosomal enzyme

A

epithelioid cells

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27
Q

they form by fused the cytoplasm of the macrophages

A

giant cells

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28
Q

4 types of giant cells

A
  1. Langhan’s giant cell
  2. Foreign body giant cells
  3. Touton Giant cell
  4. Warthin-Finkeldy
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29
Q

Classification of inflammation according to time:

A

a. acute inflammation
b. subacute inflammation
c. chronic inflammation

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30
Q

inflammation extend from hours to few days: hyperemia and congestion, infiltration of PMN cells, and edema

A

Acute inflammation

31
Q

inflammation that is extended from days to weeks –> macrophages and lymphocytes are found

A

Subacute inflammation

32
Q

inflammation extended from weeks, months, years –> mononuclear cells

A

Chronic inflammation

33
Q

Acute vs Chronic inflammation:

sudden onset

A

Acute inflammation

34
Q

Acute vs Chronic inflammation:

last for weeks or months/years

A

Chronic inflammation

35
Q

Acute vs Chronic inflammation:

vascular dilatation

A

Acute inflammation

36
Q

Acute vs Chronic inflammation:

Predominantly mononuclear may also be present

A

Chronic inflammation

37
Q

Acute vs Chronic inflammation:

increased vascular permeability

A

Acute inflammation

38
Q

Acute vs Chronic inflammation:

neutrophil activation and migration

A

Acute inflammation

39
Q

when this fails to subside within several weeks, this can lead to chronic inflammation

A

Acute inflammation

40
Q

types of exudate:

A
  1. Serous inflammation (serous exudate)
  2. Fibrinous inflammation
  3. Purulent inflammation
  4. Hemorrhagic inflammation
  5. Catarrhal inflammation
41
Q

It is characterized by increase exudation of the nuclear albuminous fluid which accumulates in the inflammation are showing the inflammatory edema

A

Serous inflammation

42
Q

Microscopic app:

1- Watery fluid is seen in the cavity
2- Cloudy fluid and it have fibrin strands
3- Color could be red if there are RBC present
4- Hyperemic zone

A

Serous inflammation

43
Q

Causes of serous inflammation:

A

1- Mechanical injury of tissue
2- Chemical –> chloroform
3- Biological –> virus FMD
4- Insects –> bee sting

44
Q

characterized by too much fibrinogen clotting fibrin

A

Fibrinous inflammation

45
Q

it is the inflammation characterized by pus formation

A

Purulent inflammation

46
Q

is a liquid of creamy color and consistency but can be thin (watery) or (semi-solid). The color is blue green when caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

47
Q

implies that large amounts of pus are produced

A

suppurative inflammation

48
Q

is inflammation when there is good amount of pus diffusely scattered through a tissue especially the subcutis

A

phlegmonous inflammation

49
Q

pyogenic bacteria that causes purulence:

A
  1. Stapylococci
  2. Stretococci
  3. E. coli
  4. Neisseriae
50
Q

characterized by large numbers of RBCs that leave by diapedesis. the blood may exudes from body surface or nearby tissue

A

Hemorrhagic inflammation

51
Q

Microscopic appearance:

large number of degenerate neutrophils are seen

A

Purulent inflammation

52
Q

Gross appearance:

see blood-colored fluid or semi fluid usually clotted and gelatinous

A

hemorrhagic inflammation

53
Q

is inflammation in which the exudate is mucus

A

catarrhal inflammation

54
Q

it comes from the epithelial cells of mucous glands or form the giblet cells

55
Q

inflammation of the mucous membranes

A

catarrhal inflammation

56
Q

it can result in a thick exudate of mucus and white blood cells

A

catarrhal inflammation

57
Q

caused by swelling of the mucous membranes in the head in response to an infection

A

catarrhal inflammation

58
Q

5 cardinal signs of inflammation

A

Rubor - redness
Tumor - swelling
Calor - heat
Dolor - pain
Functio laessa - diminished function

59
Q

due to arteriolar and capillary dilatation with increased rate of blood flow towards the site of injury

A

Rubor - redness

60
Q

Due to increased capillary permeability causing extravasations of blood fluid

A

Tumor - swelling

61
Q

due to transfer of internal heat to the surface or site of injury, brought about by increased blood content (hyperemia)

A

Calor - heat

62
Q

due to pressure upon the sensory nerve by the exudates/tumor

A

Dolor - pain

63
Q

destruction of the functioning units of the tissue

A

Functio laessa - diminished function

64
Q

Inflammation of appendix

A

Appendicitis

65
Q

Inflammation of fallopian tube

A

Slapingitis

66
Q

Inflammation of pericardium

A

pericarditis

67
Q

Inflammation of pleura

68
Q

Inflammation of subcutaneous tissues

A

Cellulitis

69
Q

Inflammation of meninges

A

meningitis

70
Q

Inflammation of arteries

71
Q

Chronic inflammation subdivision:

A
  1. Non-specific chronic inflammation
  2. Specific (primary) chronic inflammation
  3. Granulomatous inflammation
72
Q

arises following non-resolution of acute inflammation

A

Non-specific chronic inflammation

73
Q

Arises de novo in response to certain types of injurious agents

A

Specific (primary) chronic inflammation

74
Q

Subset of specific inflammation characterized by the presence of granulomas

A

Granulomatous inflammation

Histopathology (5 decks)

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