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[HS 202] Micro, Para and Psych Transes > Introduction to Parasitology and Soil-Transmitted Helminths > Flashcards

Introduction to Parasitology and Soil-Transmitted Helminths Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the types of parasites based on location?

A

Endoparasite and Ectoparasite

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2
Q

What are the types of parasites based on life cycle?

A

Obligatory and Facultative

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3
Q

What are the types of parasites based on time frame?

A

Temporary and Permanent

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4
Q

Give examples of viruses with definitive hosts.

A

Malaria and Schistosoma

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5
Q

Define: Definitive Host

A

Host harbours the sexually mature form of the parasite.

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6
Q

Define: Intermediate Host

A

Host harbours the asexual or larval stage of the parasite.

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7
Q

Give examples of intermediate hosts.

A

Snails - Schistosoma and Fasciola

Crabs - Paragonymous

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8
Q

Define: Paratenic Host

A

Host harbours parasite but no development occurs.

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9
Q

Define: Accidental Host

A

Host is not suitable for the development of the parasite.

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10
Q

Give examples of accidental hosts.

A

Humans - Ancylostoma caninum and some tapeworms and hookworms

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11
Q

Define: Reservoir

A

“Back-up” host of the parasite

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12
Q

Give examples of reservoirs.

A

Cattle - Schistosoma japonicum

Rats - Yersinia pestis

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13
Q

Define: Vector

A

Agent that transmits a pathogen from one organism to another.

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14
Q

Give examples of vectors.

A

Malaria - Anopheles sp.

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15
Q

What are the types of parasite life cycles with respect to the number of hosts needed?

A

Direct and Indirect

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16
Q

Define: Direct Life Cycle

A

Only one host needed

17
Q

Define: Indirect Life Cycle

A

More than one host species required

18
Q

Give examples of parasites undergoing a direct life cycle.

A
  1. Entamoeba sp.
  2. Trichomonas sp.
  3. Oricularis sp.
  4. Ringworms
  5. Pinworms
  6. Soil-transmitted Helminths
19
Q

Enumerate the types of parasitic transmission.

A
  1. Direct
  2. Soil-transmitted
  3. Water-borne
  4. Food-borne
  5. Vector-borne
20
Q

Entamoeba histolytica exhibits what type of transmission?

A

Water-borne

21
Q

T/F

Schistosoma sp. is transmitted via water

A

F

22
Q

Give examples of organisms that are transmitted via food.

A
  1. Taenia saginata
  2. Ascaris sp.
  3. Trichuris sp.
  4. Capillaria
  5. Paragonymous
23
Q

Why can’t STH reproduce endlessly in the host?

A

Host must be exposed repeatedly to the infective stage.

24
Q

What cytokines do TH1 cells release?

A

IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-beta

25
Q

What cytokines do TH2 cells release?

A

IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10

[HS 202] Micro, Para and Psych Transes (3 decks)

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