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[HS 202] Micro, Para and Psych Transes > Introduction to Medical Entomology > Flashcards

Introduction to Medical Entomology Flashcards

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1
Q

How many % of all animals are arthropods?

A

85%

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2
Q

What are the defining attributes of arthropods?

A
  1. Bilateral symmetry
  2. Hard exoskeleton
  3. Jointed appendages
  4. Segmented bodies
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3
Q

What is the scientific term for segmentation?

A

Tagmata

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4
Q

Which class has 1 pair of legs per body segment and head & trunk divisions?

A

Chilopoda

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5
Q

Which class has 2 pairs of legs per body segment and head & trunk divisions?

A

Diplopoda

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6
Q

Which class has 5 pairs of legs and no distinct segmentation?

A

Crustacea

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7
Q

Which class has 4 pairs of legs (3 in larvae) and cephalothorax & abdomen divisions?

A

Arachnida

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8
Q

Which class has 3 pairs of legs and head, thorax and abdomen divisions?

A

Insecta

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9
Q

Which class has no legs in adults but 2 in the larval form?

A

Pentastomida (extinct)

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10
Q

What are the two types of vectors?

A

Biological and Mechanical

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11
Q

How long do mosquitoes stay in the egg stage? How many larval stages do they have?

A

1 - 2 days; 4

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12
Q

What are the our important genera of mosquito?

A
  1. Aedes
  2. Anopheles
  3. Mansonia
  4. Culex
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13
Q

Characteristic of Anopheles mosquito egg-laying

A

Eggs are laid parallel to surface due to absence of larvae’s siphon.

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14
Q

Primary difference between male and female mosquitoes

A

Antennae

Plummose - Male
Pinnose - Female

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15
Q

Primary urban mosquito vector

A

Aedes aegypti

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16
Q

Primary rural mosquito vector

A

Aedes albopictus

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17
Q

Differentiate A. aegypti and A. albopictus

A

A. aegypti - lyre shaped thorax with white stripes

A. albopictus - straight white line marking thorax

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18
Q

What is the primary mosquito vector responsible for transmitting malaria in the Philippines?

A

Anopheles flavirostris (clear, slow-flowing water)

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19
Q

How do you distinguish Anopheles mosquito from other genera?

A

While feeding, its abdomen points upward.

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20
Q

What are the secondary mosquito vectors of malaria?

A
  1. A. litoralis (brackish water)
  2. A. balabacensis (still water in forest in Palawan)
  3. A. mangyanus (same as A. flavoristris)
  4. A. maculatus (elevated areas)
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21
Q

What vectors transmit Bancroftian filariasis caused by Wuchereria bancrofti?

A
  1. Anopheles flavirostris

2. Aedes poecilius (primary; breed in axils)

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22
Q

What vectors transmit Brugian flariasis caused by Brugia malayi?

A
  1. Mansonia bonneae (swamp breeder)

2. Mansonia uniformis (swamp breeder)

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23
Q

What causes Bancroftian filariasis?

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

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24
Q

What causes Brugian flariasis?

A

Brugia malayi

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25
Q

What is the global primary vector for Japanese encephalitis? Where do they breed?

A

Culex tritaeniorhynchus; rice

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26
Q

What is the primary vector of Japanese encephalitis in Indonesia?

A

Culex quinquefasciatus

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27
Q

What are the other vectors of Japanese encephalitis?

A
  1. C. gelidus
  2. C. pseudovishnui
  3. C. vishnui
  4. C. fuscocephala
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28
Q

How deep should the water be for mosquito larvae to survive?

A

2 cm

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29
Q

Describe breeding habit of Aedes mosquitoes

A
  1. Container or axil breeders
  2. Clear but not clean and stagnant water
  3. Eggs survive for six months w/o water
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30
Q

Describe breeding habit of Anopheles mosquitoes

A

Clear, clean and slow flowing partly shaded streams

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31
Q

Describe breeding habit of Mansonia mosquitoes

A

Swampy and forested areas with aquatic vegetation

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32
Q

Describe breeding habit of Culex mosquitoes

A

Rice field, pools, irrigation canal, trapped water or undisturbed fish pond

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33
Q

Is transmission via oral secretion a characteristic of mechanical vectors?

A

Yes

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34
Q

What do you call the fine hairs that may harbour pathogens?

A

Setae

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35
Q

What has been found to be viable in cockroach gut for 12 house?

A

Mycobacterium leprae

36
Q

What types of diseases can cockroaches carry?

A

Tuberculosis, cholera, leprosy, dysentery, diarrhea, anthrax, poliomyelitis and typhoid

37
Q

What is the 2nd most important ingested allergen?

A

Cockroach parts

38
Q

What species of cockroach is common in condominiums and prefers cold areas?

A

Blatella germanica or German cockroach

39
Q

What species of cockroach is eaten as a delicacy?

A

Periplaneta americana or American cockroach

40
Q

What are fleas in Filipino?

A

Pulgas

41
Q

Enumerate the common species of fleas

A
  1. Pulex irritans (humans)
  2. Ctenocephalides canis (dogs)
  3. Ctenocephalides felis (cats)
  4. Xenopsylla cheopis (rats)
  5. Tunga penetrans (chigoe/sand mites; causes tungiasis)
42
Q

Characteristic of flea infestation

A

Zigzag pattern of bites

43
Q

Which flea may serve as a vector for murine typhus and the plague?

A

Xenopsylla cheopis

44
Q

What do members of genus Ctenocephalides often harbour? What does it cause?

A

Dipylidium caninum; dypylidiasis

45
Q

What does the Oriental rat flea typically carry? What does it cause?

A

Hymenolepis diminuta; hymenolepiasis

46
Q

Which larvae look like rice grains?

A

Flea larvae

47
Q

Enumerate the common species of lice

A
  1. Pediculus humanus capitis
  2. Pediculus humanus humanus
  3. Phthirus pubis
48
Q

Differentiate the lice species based on biting habit.

A

Body Louse - Night
Head Louse - Day
Pubic Louse - Day/Night

49
Q

Differentiate the lice species based on residual effects of bites.

A

Body Louse - Hyperpigmentation
Head Louse - Isolated pustules
Pubic Louse - Bluish spots

50
Q

Pediculosis is the ___ most common ailment among public school children aged _____.

A

2nd; 7 - 12

51
Q

What are important diseases transmitted by body lice?

A
  1. Epidemic typhus
  2. Trench fever
  3. Louse-born relapsing fever
52
Q

What is the etiologic agent of Trench fever?

A

Bartonella quintana

53
Q

List possible modes of treatment for lice infestation.

A
  1. 1% gamma benzene hexachloride (lindane)
  2. 1% permethrin cream (pyrethrin)
  3. 0.3% pyrethrins + 3% piperonyl butoxide shampoo
54
Q

What are the Filipino terms for mange mite?

A

Tungaw, kurikong or galis-aso

55
Q

What is the only parasitic species of mite?

A

Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis

56
Q

Scabies is also known as?

A

Seven-year itch, sarcastic acariasis or Norwegian itch

57
Q

How deep to S. scabiei burrow into people’s skin?

A

2.5 cm

58
Q

What are the top 3 skin diseases?

A
  1. Tinea flava
  2. Skin allergies
  3. Scabies
59
Q

What is the treatment for mange mites?

A
  1. 12 hours of gamma benzene hexachloride
  2. 12 hours of 25% benzyl benzoate
  3. 24 hours for 2 weeks of crotamiton
  4. Antihistamines/salicylates (pruritus)
  5. Antibiotics
  6. Sulfur soaps
60
Q

Kissing bugs are also known as?

A

Conensoses or assassin bugs

61
Q

What family do kissing bugs belong to?

A

Reduviidae

62
Q

Enumerate common species of kissing bugs

A
  1. Rhodnius prolixus
  2. Panstrongylus megistus
  3. Triatoma infestans
63
Q

Characterize the bites of kissing bugs

A
  1. Painful
  2. May involve fever and anaphylactic reactions
  3. Nighttime
64
Q

Kissing bugs may be vectors for what? What does this organisms cause?

A

Trypanosoma cruzi; Chaga’s disease or American trypanosomiasis

65
Q

What do you call the infestation of living tissue by fly larva?

A

Myiasis

66
Q

What are the categories of myiasis?

A
  1. Semispecific
  2. Accidental
  3. Specific
67
Q

Enumerate the genera involved in semispecific myiasis

A
  1. Sarcophaga (fleshfly)
  2. Lucilia (bangaw)
  3. Calliphora (blowfly)
68
Q

Enumerate the genera involved in accidental myiasis

A
  1. Musca domestica (housefly)

2. Fannia (latrine fly)

69
Q

Enumerate the genera involved in specific myiasis

A

Dermatophobia hominis (human botfly)

70
Q

What are the main steps in fly control?

A

Exclusion, Restriction and Destruction

71
Q

What family are the common bedbugs part of?

A

Cimicidae

72
Q

Enumerate common species of bedbugs.

A
  1. Cimex lectularius
  2. Cimex hemipterus
  3. Leptocimex boueti
73
Q

What is most notable about cimicosis?

A

There is a linear biting pattern (typically 3).

74
Q

What are the most venomous types of bees?

A

Honeybee and bumblebee

75
Q

Enumerate the components of venom.

A
  1. Histamine
  2. Nonhydrin
  3. Mellitin
  4. Phospholipase
  5. Hyaluronidase
76
Q

What is the difference between a bee sting and a wasp sting?

A

Bee sting - only once
Wasp sting - may occur multiple times

Wasp venom also has 10% acetylcholine

77
Q

Enumerate the common genera of scorpions.

A
  1. Centruroides spp.

2. Buthus spp.

78
Q

What are the components of scorpion venom?

A
  1. Serotonin

2. Sulfhydryl group (neurotoxic & haemolytic)

79
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of being poisoned by a scorpion?

A

Hives, swelling, asthma, allergic rhinitis, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting metallic taste in mouth and respiratory paralysis

80
Q

What family do blister beetles belong to?

A

Meloidae

81
Q

Give a common species of blister beetle.

A

Lytta vessicatoria

82
Q

What is the main component of blister beetle poison?

A

Cantharidin (has sulfhydryl group)

83
Q

What is the clinical manifestation of blister beetle poisoning?

A

Slight tingling, burning and erythema
2 - 3 hours after - appearance of vesicles/bullae
8 - 10 hours after - appearance of elongated blisters

Drench in running water and do not rub!

84
Q

What are the components of caterpillar poison?

A
  1. Histamine
  2. Proteinaceous substances
  3. Water soluble protein pytic enzyme
85
Q

How do you treat caterpillar poisoning?

A
  1. Application of tape over sting site to remove spines/hairs
  2. Prescribe antihistamine
86
Q

What arthropod found in flour and grain serves as intermediate hosts for what helminths?

A

Tribolium confusum or Confused Flour Beetle

  1. Raillietina garrisoni (Common Rat Tapeworm)
  2. Hymenolepis nana (Dwarf Tapeworm)
  3. Hymenolepis diminuta (Rat Tapeworm)
87
Q

What arthropod serves as the intermediate host of Hymenolepis nana (Dwarf Tapeworm)?

A

Tenebrio molitor

[HS 202] Micro, Para and Psych Transes (3 decks)

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