Introduction to Orthotics and Prosthetics/ UE Orthosis Flashcards
What is orthosis?
- Stabilize the body
- Assist Weak Muscles
- Stop undesirable motions
What does an Orthotist do?
A professional job who designs, fabricates and adjust to people who need orthosis devices in order to get back on ADL’s.
What is the primary purpose of all upper limb orthoses, and how does it relate to the the rehabilitation program and their prescription?
- Substitute weak or absent muscles.
- Protect damaged or diseased segments.
- Prevention of deformity
- Correction of Contractures
- Attachment of other assistive devices.
It refers to a device that is applied externally to the body to support or improve the function of that body segment.
Orthosis
Any external device use to modify structural and functional characteristics of the neuromuscular skeletal system.
Orthosis
Functions of Orthosis
- Corrects Alignment
- Accommodates Deformity
- Protect painful areas.
Biomechanical Principles of Orthosis
- Three-point control concept
- Tissue tolerance to compression and shear forces
- The biomechanics of levers and forces
- Selection of materials
- Static versus dynamic control
This biomechanical principle is a primary force that applied generally at the joint to be corrected, and counterforces are applied both above and below the primary force.
Three-point control concept or Three-point pressure system
Avoiding prolonged excessive pressure over the bony prominences will preserve the skin integrity and pt. comfort. What biomechanical principle is applied?
Tissue tolerance to compression and shear forces
How many/much is the pressure sensitive bony prominences in the wrist, hand, and fingers alone?
More than 30 pressure-sensitive bony prominences
How many/much pressure and time can a patient tolerate in a high pressure duration curve?
100-300 mmHg for 2-4 hours continuously
How many/much pressure and time can a patient tolerate in a low pressure duration curve?
20-50 mmHg for 12 hours a day continuously
This biomechanical principle deals about a seesaw that has a force applied at both ends with a central fulcrum.
The biomechanics of the lever and the forces.
What should be the rehabilitation specialist must take to consider to understand the biomechanics of the lever and the forces?
The relationship between the magnitude of the pressure applied (forces) and the distance of the fulcrum (lever).
How many/much applied to a proximal and distal to the central fulcrum?
One force (central fulcrum) and two forces
T or F
The farther from the fulcrum or from the joint, the less pressure needed to generate a fixed forced across the joint.
T
This principle depends on the flexibility, strength and durability in which it is necessary to achieve a proper outcome.
Selection of materials
Two basic types of hand grips.
Power and Precision
Basic Prehension Patterns
Pinch, Grasp, and Hook
If there is a clawhand deformity, how should you immobilized the pt.’s hand as a PT?
Wrist should be Slight extension and neutral pronation/supination
Fill in the blanks:
The ___ joints of the fingers should be immobilized in extension, but the _______ Joints should be immobilized into flexion to maintain ______ ligaments. The thumb should be immobilized opposite the fingers in ________ and ______.
IP; MCP; Collateral; palmar abduction and extension.
This type of orthosis have no movable joints incorporated into the design. This may allow active joint motion in one direction but block motion in another direction.
Static Orthosis
This type of orthosis have movable joints that can limit motion. This increase motion through traction and substitute for weak muscles using supplemental force (assist).
Dynamic Orthosis
This type of orthosis and will incorporate features of both static and dynamic orthoses into one device.
Hybrid Orthosis
All upper limb orthosis is classified into what?
1 out of 3 categories of orthosis: can be static, dynamic, or hybrid.