Introduction to organic chemistry

Question 1

general formula definition

Answer 1

the simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series

Question 2

empirical formula definition

Answer 2

the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound

Question 3

molecular formula definition

Answer 3

actual number of atoms of each element present in a molecule

Question 4

homologous series definition

Answer 4

A series of organic compounds with the same functional group and same general formula but with each successive member differing by CH2

Question 5

homologous series features (3)

Answer 5

same chemical properties
follow a trend in physical properties
each successive member differing by CH2

Question 6

structural formula definition

Answer 6

shows minimal detail of arrangement of atoms in a molecule

Question 7

displayed formula definition

Answer 7

shows all covalent bonds and atoms present in a molecule

Question 8

skeletal formula definition

Answer 8

shows carbon skeleton and functional groups

Question 9

alkane functional group

Answer 9

C-C

Question 10

alkane prefix/suffix

Answer 10

-ane

Question 11

alkene function group

Answer 11

C=C

Question 12

alkene prefix/suffix

Answer 12

-ene

Question 13

alcohol functional group

Answer 13

-OH

Question 14

alcohol prefix/suffix

Answer 14

hydroxyl-

-ol

Question 15

halogenoalkanes functional group

Answer 15

C-halogen

Question 16

halogenoalkanes prefix/suffix

Answer 16

fluoro-
chloro-
bromo-
iodo-

Question 17

aldehydes functional group

Answer 17

C=O
l
H

Question 18

aldehydes prefix/suffix

Answer 18

-al

Question 19

ketones functional group

Answer 19

R-C-R
“
O

Question 20

ketones prefix/suffix

Answer 20

oxo-

-one

Question 21

carboxylic acid functional group

Answer 21

C=O
l
OH

Question 22

carboxylic acid prefix/suffix

Answer 22

-oic acid

Question 23

ester functional group

Answer 23

C=O
l
O

Question 24

ester prefix/suffix

Answer 24

-yl -oate

Question 25

ether functional group

Answer 25

R-O-R

Question 26

ether prefix/suffix

Answer 26

(meth) oxy- | - ether

Question 27

amine functional group

Answer 27

-NH2

Question 28

amine prefix/suffix

Answer 28

-ylamine

Question 29

amide functional group

Answer 29

C=O l NH2

Question 30

amide prefix/suffix

Answer 30

-amide

Question 31

nitrile functional group

Answer 31

C=N | -

Question 32

nitrile prefix/suffix

Answer 32

-enitrile

Question 33

structural isomer definition

Answer 33

different compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 34

types of structural isomers

Answer 34

positional functional chain

Question 35

positional isomerism

Answer 35

o Same functional group attached to a different position on the same carbon skeleton

Question 36

functional isomerism

Answer 36

o Different functional groups so have different chemical and physical properties

Question 37

chain isomerism

Answer 37

o Differing arrangement of carbon chain by branching

Question 38

steroisomerism definition

Answer 38

two compounds have the same molecular and structural formula but have different arrangements of the atoms in space

Question 39

criteria for steroisomerism (2)

Answer 39

molecule with C=C non-rotational bond | two different groups attached to each C

Question 40

two types of steroisomerism

Answer 40

E-Z isomerism | optical isomerism

Question 41

how are highest priority groups/ atoms assigned

Answer 41

highest Ar of adjacent atom

Question 42

E-Z isomerism

Answer 42

E: highest priority opposite Z: highest priority on same side