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A-level Chemistry > Introduction to organic chemistry > Flashcards

Introduction to organic chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

general formula definition

A

the simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series

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2
Q

empirical formula definition

A

the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound

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3
Q

molecular formula definition

A

actual number of atoms of each element present in a molecule

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4
Q

homologous series definition

A

A series of organic compounds with the same functional group and same general formula but with each successive member differing by CH2

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5
Q

homologous series features (3)

A

same chemical properties
follow a trend in physical properties
each successive member differing by CH2

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6
Q

structural formula definition

A

shows minimal detail of arrangement of atoms in a molecule

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7
Q

displayed formula definition

A

shows all covalent bonds and atoms present in a molecule

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8
Q

skeletal formula definition

A

shows carbon skeleton and functional groups

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9
Q

alkane functional group

A

C-C

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10
Q

alkane prefix/suffix

A

-ane

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11
Q

alkene function group

A

C=C

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12
Q

alkene prefix/suffix

A

-ene

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13
Q

alcohol functional group

A

-OH

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14
Q

alcohol prefix/suffix

A

hydroxyl-

-ol

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15
Q

halogenoalkanes functional group

A

C-halogen

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16
Q

halogenoalkanes prefix/suffix

A

fluoro-
chloro-
bromo-
iodo-

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17
Q

aldehydes functional group

A

C=O
l
H

18
Q

aldehydes prefix/suffix

A

-al

19
Q

ketones functional group

A

R-C-R
“
O

20
Q

ketones prefix/suffix

A

oxo-

-one

21
Q

carboxylic acid functional group

A

C=O
l
OH

22
Q

carboxylic acid prefix/suffix

A

-oic acid

23
Q

ester functional group

A

C=O
l
O

24
Q

ester prefix/suffix

A

-yl -oate

25
Q

ether functional group

A

R-O-R

26
Q

ether prefix/suffix

A

(meth) oxy-

- ether

27
Q

amine functional group

A

-NH2

28
Q

amine prefix/suffix

A

-ylamine

29
Q

amide functional group

A

C=O
l
NH2

30
Q

amide prefix/suffix

A

-amide

31
Q

nitrile functional group

A

C=N

-

32
Q

nitrile prefix/suffix

A

-enitrile

33
Q

structural isomer definition

A

different compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula

34
Q

types of structural isomers

A

positional
functional
chain

35
Q

positional isomerism

A

o Same functional group attached to a different position on the same carbon skeleton

36
Q

functional isomerism

A

o Different functional groups so have different chemical and physical properties

37
Q

chain isomerism

A

o Differing arrangement of carbon chain by branching

38
Q

steroisomerism definition

A

two compounds have the same molecular and structural formula but have different arrangements of the atoms in space

39
Q

criteria for steroisomerism (2)

A

molecule with C=C non-rotational bond

two different groups attached to each C

40
Q

two types of steroisomerism

A

E-Z isomerism

optical isomerism

41
Q

how are highest priority groups/ atoms assigned

A

highest Ar of adjacent atom

42
Q

E-Z isomerism

A

E: highest priority opposite
Z: highest priority on same side

A-level Chemistry (17 decks)

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