Introduction to organic chemistry

Question 1

What does the general formula show?

Answer 1

It is a formula that describes any member of a family of compounds

Question 2

What is the Empirical formula?

Answer 2

The simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 3

What does the Molecular formula show?

Answer 3

The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

Question 4

What does the Structural formula show?

Answer 4

This formula shows the atoms carbon by carbon with the attached hydrogens and functional groups and how they are arranged

Question 5

What does the Skeletal formula show?

Answer 5

This formula shows the bonds of carbon skeleton only with any functional groups attached

Question 6

What does the Displayed formula show?

Answer 6

This formula shows how all the atoms are arranged and all the bonds between them

Question 7

What is a homologous series?

Answer 7

A homologous series is a family of compounds with the same general formula and functional group.

Question 8

What is a functional group?

Answer 8

A reactive part of the molecule that is responsible for most of the chemical properties

Question 9

How does each successive member of a homologous series differ from the other?

Answer 9

They differ by a CH(2) group

Question 10

What is the suffix for alkanes?

Answer 10

-ane

Question 11

What is the prefix for branched alkanes?

Answer 11

alkyl-

Question 12

What is the suffix for alkenes?

Answer 12

-ene

Question 13

What are the prefixes for halogenalkanes?

Answer 13

fluoro-
chloro-
bromo-
iodo-

Question 14

What is the suffix for alcohols?

Answer 14

-ol

Question 15

What is the suffix for aldehydes?

Answer 15

-al

Question 16

What is the suffix for ketones?

Answer 16

-one

Question 17

What is the suffix for carboxylic acids?

Answer 17

-oic acid

Question 18

What is the prefix and suffix for esters?

Answer 18

alkyl-

-oate

Question 19

What is the suffix for amines?

Answer 19

-amine

Question 20

What is the suffix for amides?

Answer 20

-amide

Question 21

What is the suffix for acyl chlorides?

Answer 21

-oyl chloride

Question 22

What is the prefix and suffix for cycloalkanes?

Answer 22

cyclo-

-ane

Question 23

What is the prefix for arenes?

Answer 23

-benzene

Question 24

What are lone pairs?

Answer 24

Electrons not involved in a bond

Question 25

What are hydrocarbons

Answer 25

A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon

Question 26

What is the definition of saturated?

Answer 26

A comppound containing single carbon to carbon bonds

Question 27

What is the definition of unsaturated?

Answer 27

Acompoud containing a double carbon to carbon bond

Question 28

What is an alkyl?

Answer 28

An alkyl is made when a hydrogen is removed from an alkane. They are often attached to organic molecules

Question 29

What is structural isomerism?

Answer 29

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures

Question 30

What are the three type of structural isomerism?

Answer 30

Chain Functional Positional

Question 31

What are chain isomers?

Answer 31

Structural isomers that differ by having a different carbon chain

Question 32

What are functional isomers?

Answer 32

Structural isomer that differ by having a different functional group

Question 33

What are positional isomers?

Answer 33

Structural isomers that differ by having the functional goup in a different position

Question 34

What is the priority from highest to lowest when it comes to naming organic compounds?

Answer 34

``` Carboxylic acid ester acyl chloride nitrile aldehyde ketone alcohol amine alkene halogenalkane ```

Question 35

What are stereoisomers?

Answer 35

Molecules with the same molecular and structural formulae but different spatial arrangement of atoms

Question 36

What are the two different types of stereoisomers?

Answer 36

Geometric | Optical

Question 37

What are geometric isomers?

Answer 37

Molecules which have a different arrangement of group around the C=C Also known as E-Z stereisomers

Question 38

What are optical isomers?

Answer 38

Molecules which are non-superimposable mirror images

Question 39

When does geometric isomerism occur?

Answer 39

Restricted around the C=C bond | There are different groups/atoms attached at both ends of the C=C bond

Question 40

What are the prefixes for the number of carbons from 1 to 10

Answer 40

``` 1- meth 2- eth 3- prop 4- but 5- pent 6- hex 7- hept 8- oct 9- non 10- dec ```

Question 41

What are the rules for naming straight chain alkanes?

Answer 41

-Count the carbons in the main chain -Use the correct prefix for the number of carbons Add the suffix for alkanes at the end

Question 42

What are the rules for naming branched alkanes?

Answer 42

Name the main carbon chain Add the name for the side chain Number where the chain is added to the main chain so that it is the lowest it can be When there are two or more side chains, list them alphabetically use the prefixes di-, tri-, tetra etc, if necessary

Question 43

What are the rules for naming alkenes?

Answer 43

Find the longest carbon chain that contains the double chain Name the alkene(-ene suffix) Number the carbons so that the C=C bond has the lowest number State the number before the -ene with a hyphen(eg. hex-1-ene

Question 44

What are the rules for naming haloalkanes?

Answer 44

Name the haloalkane by naming the alkane and then the halogen Use numbers to show where the halogen is Make sure the number is as low as possible Remember to list the groups alphabetically Use di-, tri- etc if appropriate

Question 45

What are the different type of haloalkanes?

Answer 45

Primary Secondary Tertiary

Question 46

What is primary haloalkane?

Answer 46

A carbon joined to halogen is only attached to one other alkyl group

Question 47

What is secondary haloalkane?

Answer 47

A carbon joined to halogen is only attached to two other alkyl group

Question 48

What is tertiary haloalkane?

Answer 48

A carbon joined to halogen is only attached to three other alkyl group

Question 49

What is a Z-isomer?

Answer 49

A z-isomer has the same groups either above or below the C=C bond

Question 50

What is an E-isomer?

Answer 50

An e-isomer has 2 of the same group positioned across the C=C bond

Question 51

What is the IUPAC system?

Answer 51

It is the agreed international language of chemistry. | It means that scientific ideas can be shared effectively by scientists across the globe which avoids confusion