Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A-Level Chemistry > Introduction to organic chemistry > Flashcards

Introduction to organic chemistry Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does the general formula show?

A

It is a formula that describes any member of a family of compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the Empirical formula?

A

The simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the Molecular formula show?

A

The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the Structural formula show?

A

This formula shows the atoms carbon by carbon with the attached hydrogens and functional groups and how they are arranged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the Skeletal formula show?

A

This formula shows the bonds of carbon skeleton only with any functional groups attached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the Displayed formula show?

A

This formula shows how all the atoms are arranged and all the bonds between them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A homologous series is a family of compounds with the same general formula and functional group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a functional group?

A

A reactive part of the molecule that is responsible for most of the chemical properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does each successive member of a homologous series differ from the other?

A

They differ by a CH(2) group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the suffix for alkanes?

A

-ane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the prefix for branched alkanes?

A

alkyl-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the suffix for alkenes?

A

-ene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the prefixes for halogenalkanes?

A

fluoro-
chloro-
bromo-
iodo-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the suffix for alcohols?

A

-ol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the suffix for aldehydes?

A

-al

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the suffix for ketones?

A

-one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the suffix for carboxylic acids?

A

-oic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the prefix and suffix for esters?

A

alkyl-

-oate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the suffix for amines?

A

-amine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the suffix for amides?

A

-amide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the suffix for acyl chlorides?

A

-oyl chloride

22
Q

What is the prefix and suffix for cycloalkanes?

A

cyclo-

-ane

23
Q

What is the prefix for arenes?

A

-benzene

24
Q

What are lone pairs?

A

Electrons not involved in a bond

25
Q

What are hydrocarbons

A

A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon

26
Q

What is the definition of saturated?

A

A comppound containing single carbon to carbon bonds

27
Q

What is the definition of unsaturated?

A

Acompoud containing a double carbon to carbon bond

28
Q

What is an alkyl?

A

An alkyl is made when a hydrogen is removed from an alkane. They are often attached to organic molecules

29
Q

What is structural isomerism?

A

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures

30
Q

What are the three type of structural isomerism?

A

Chain
Functional
Positional

31
Q

What are chain isomers?

A

Structural isomers that differ by having a different carbon chain

32
Q

What are functional isomers?

A

Structural isomer that differ by having a different functional group

33
Q

What are positional isomers?

A

Structural isomers that differ by having the functional goup in a different position

34
Q

What is the priority from highest to lowest when it comes to naming organic compounds?

A 
Carboxylic acid
ester
acyl chloride
nitrile
aldehyde
ketone
alcohol
amine
alkene
halogenalkane
35
Q

What are stereoisomers?

A

Molecules with the same molecular and structural formulae but different spatial arrangement of atoms

36
Q

What are the two different types of stereoisomers?

A

Geometric

Optical

37
Q

What are geometric isomers?

A

Molecules which have a different arrangement of group around the C=C
Also known as E-Z stereisomers

38
Q

What are optical isomers?

A

Molecules which are non-superimposable mirror images

39
Q

When does geometric isomerism occur?

A

Restricted around the C=C bond

There are different groups/atoms attached at both ends of the C=C bond

40
Q

What are the prefixes for the number of carbons from 1 to 10

A 
1- meth
2- eth
3- prop
4- but
5- pent
6- hex
7- hept
8- oct
9- non
10- dec
41
Q

What are the rules for naming straight chain alkanes?

A

-Count the carbons in the main chain
-Use the correct prefix for the number of carbons
Add the suffix for alkanes at the end

42
Q

What are the rules for naming branched alkanes?

A

Name the main carbon chain
Add the name for the side chain
Number where the chain is added to the main chain so that it is the lowest it can be
When there are two or more side chains, list them alphabetically
use the prefixes di-, tri-, tetra etc, if necessary

43
Q

What are the rules for naming alkenes?

A

Find the longest carbon chain that contains the double chain
Name the alkene(-ene suffix)
Number the carbons so that the C=C bond has the lowest number
State the number before the -ene with a hyphen(eg. hex-1-ene

44
Q

What are the rules for naming haloalkanes?

A

Name the haloalkane by naming the alkane and then the halogen
Use numbers to show where the halogen is
Make sure the number is as low as possible
Remember to list the groups alphabetically
Use di-, tri- etc if appropriate

45
Q

What are the different type of haloalkanes?

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

46
Q

What is primary haloalkane?

A

A carbon joined to halogen is only attached to one other alkyl group

47
Q

What is secondary haloalkane?

A

A carbon joined to halogen is only attached to two other alkyl group

48
Q

What is tertiary haloalkane?

A

A carbon joined to halogen is only attached to three other alkyl group

49
Q

What is a Z-isomer?

A

A z-isomer has the same groups either above or below the C=C bond

50
Q

What is an E-isomer?

A

An e-isomer has 2 of the same group positioned across the C=C bond

51
Q

What is the IUPAC system?

A

It is the agreed international language of chemistry.

It means that scientific ideas can be shared effectively by scientists across the globe which avoids confusion

A-Level Chemistry (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions