introduction to organic chemistry

Question 1

hydrocarbon

Answer 1

compound of hydrogen and carbon only

Question 2

saturated

Answer 2

contains single carbon-carbon bonds only

Question 3

unsaturated

Answer 3

contains a C=C double bond

Question 4

molecular formula

Answer 4

formula which shows the actual number of each type of atom

Question 5

empirical formula

Answer 5

shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in the compound

Question 6

general formula

Answer 6

algebraic formula for a homologous series e.g. CnH2n

Question 7

structural formula

Answer 7

shows the minimal detail that shows the arrangememnt of atoms in a molecule e.g. for butane: CH3CH2CH2CH3

Question 8

displayed formula

Answer 8

show all the covalent bonds present in a molecule

Question 9

skeletal formula

Answer 9

shows the simplified organic formula shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups

Question 10

functional group

Answer 10

an atom or groups of atoms which when present in different molecules causes them to have similar chemical properties

Question 11

homologous series

Answer 11

families of organic compounds with the same functional group and same general formula

Question 12

rules for naming carbon chains

Answer 12

• count the longest carbon chain and name
• find any branched chains and count how many carbons they contain
• add the appropriate prefix for each branch chain

Question 13

where is the C=O bond on adlehydes positioned?

Answer 13

first carbon of the chain